Three Factors Affecting Language Learning: Grammar Learning Strategies, Self-efficacy, and Learner Autonomy

Abstract

This study mainly investigated (a) the relationship among grammar learning strategies, self-efficacy and learner autonomy and (b) their effects on academic success. Investigating all of them gives some clues for classroom practice. The study was conducted at Gaziantep University Foreign Languages Higher School with the participation of 350 students from four different proficiency levels (elementary, pre-intermediate, intermediate and upper-intermediate). The data were collected through a questionnaire that has three parts with 65-items. The data collected through the questionnaires were analyzed by means of the quantitative method including calculating descriptive statistics. According to analysis results, there is a positive relationship between grammar learning strategies and academic success (r=.185 p>.01), self-efficacy and academic success (r=.455 p>.01) and learner autonomy and academic success (r=.120 p>.01). When grammar learning strategies, self-efficacy and learner autonomy were investigated together, it was observed that there was a statistically positive relationship with academic success (r=.472 p>.01).

Grammar Learning Strategies Applied by English Foreign Language Students

“…The result of this research was also strengthened by the relevant research conducted by Çetinkaya & Tilfarlioğlu (2020) in which the findings of the study demonstrated that items 18-36 of the questionnaire are those that pertain to metacognitive grammar learning strategies. Both successful students (mean 3.35) and unsuccessful students (mean: 3.33) employ metacognitive grammar learning strategy.…”

Study Based on the Early Mathematical Ability of Elementary Student Self-efficacy through the Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract Approach

“…They will not consider the task to be a challenge and threat with a sense of SE. When they have difficulty doing a task, they will recover their sense of SE and they will spend more effort and try to do their best to complete the task [5]. Students with good self-efficacy will show fluency in completing their assignments even though students found difficulties in their assignments.…”