“…In addition to spatial domain-based methods and transform domain-based methods, extensive work has also been conducted with soft computing-based methods dedicated to multimodal medical image fusion. A great many representative models, including dictionary learning model (Zhu et al, 2016 ; Li et al, 2018 ), gray wolf optimization (Daniel, 2018 ), fuzzy theory (Yang et al, 2019 ), pulse coupled neural network (Liu X. et al, 2016 ; Xu et al, 2016 ), sparse representation (Liu and Wang, 2015 ; Liu Y. et al, 2016 ), total variation (Zhao and Lu, 2017 ), guided filter (Li et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ), genetic algorithm (Kavitha and Thyagharajan, 2017 ; Arif and Wang, 2020 ), compressed sensing (Ding et al, 2019 ), structure tensor (Du et al, 2020c ), local extrema (Du et al, 2020b ), Otsu's method (Du et al, 2020a ) and so on, were successfully used to fuse the medical images.…”