Three point bending test of glass/epoxy composite health monitoring by acoustic emission

Beheshtizadeh, Nima; Mostafapour, Amir; Davoodi, Saman

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2019.03.006

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…in solids. The frequency of AE waves in the range from a few kHz to 1 MHz is detected on the structure surface by piezoelectric sensors that convert the strain energy into an electrical signal [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The AE method is especially used to test fiber-reinforced polymer structures [ 6 , 7 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. The AE bending test described in [ 6 ] contributed to the development of the AE signal identification methodology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parameters such as amplitude, duration and energy were analyzed [ 14 ]. The papers [ 15 , 16 , 17 ] describe the use of acoustic emission parameters to identify the type of damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Kyzioł

Panasiuk

Hajdukiewicz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Due to the unique properties of polymer composites, these materials are used in many industries, including shipbuilding (hulls of boats, yachts, motorboats, cutters, ship and cooling doors, pontoons and floats, torpedo tubes and missiles, protective shields, antenna masts, radar shields, and antennas, etc.). Modern measurement methods and tools allow to determine the properties of the composite material, already during its design. The article presents the use of the method of acoustic emission and Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy to determine the mechanical properties of composites. The tested materials were polyester-glass laminate without additives and with a 10% content of polyester-glass waste. The changes taking place in the composite material during loading were visualized using a piezoelectric sensor used in the acoustic emission method. Thanks to the analysis of the RMS parameter (root mean square of the acoustic emission signal), it is possible to determine the range of stresses at which significant changes occur in the material in terms of its use as a construction material. In the K-S entropy method, an important measuring tool is the extensometer, namely the displacement sensor built into it. The results obtained during the static tensile test with the use of an extensometer allow them to be used to calculate the K-S metric entropy. Many materials, including composite materials, do not have a yield point. In principle, there are no methods for determining the transition of a material from elastic to plastic phase. The authors showed that, with the use of a modern testing machine and very high-quality instrumentation to record measurement data using the Kolmogorov-Sinai (K-S) metric entropy method and the acoustic emission (AE) method, it is possible to determine the material transition from elastic to plastic phase. Determining the yield strength of composite materials is extremely important information when designing a structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Kyzioł

Panasiuk

Hajdukiewicz

et al. 2020

Sensors

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show abstract

“…particle-reinforced composites such as concrete); 14–16 the failure of fiber-reinforced composite materials has also been studied in this manner. 17–21 Specifically, classification of the failure mode and damage behavior analysis with respect to the frequency of AE signals has been performed. Previous studies demonstrated that the AE signals range from 50 to 550 kHz and that the frequency depends on the failure mode, in particular, fiber breakage at high frequencies (300–550 kHz), matrix cracking at low frequencies (50–180 kHz), and interfacial failure (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of propagation distance on acoustic emission of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Jung

Lee

et al. 2021

Structural Health Monitoring

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This study examined the change in acoustic emission as a function of measurement position of fiber-reinforced composites. Single-edge-notched carbon fiber/epoxy composites were prepared and tested under cyclic loading, with sensors located at specific distances from the end of the notch. Although the I b-value increased overall, the degree of increase significantly varied with position and acoustic emission frequency. Notably, the proportion of acoustic emission signals for each failure mode varied due to a high attenuation rate at high frequencies, which increased the I b-value. Accordingly, the high-frequency fiber-failure signals significantly affected the I b-value. This study focused on the importance of analyzing acoustic emission signals by considering the crack location and frequency-dependent attenuation rate. We concluded that an acoustic emission sensor should be located 20–40 mm from the crack location for woven carbon fiber/epoxy composites.

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“…A methodology based on multivariable analysis of wavelet coefficients is developed by (Baccar & Söffker, 2017) to improve the classification and distinguishability of four different damage mechanisms. Similarly, time-frequency domain transforms including wavelet transform and Choi-Williams transform are used by (Beheshtizadeh, Mostafapour, & Davoodi, 2019) to identify characteristic frequencies of different damage mechanisms in composite materials. Scattering of the classification reliability among different loading conditions using a supervised data-driven method is reported by (Wirtz, Beganovic, & Söffker, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Results of Acoustic Emission Attenuation Due toWave Propagation in Composites

Wirtz¹,

Bach²,

Söffker³

2019

PHM_CONF

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Recently, acoustic emission-based damage classification schemes gained attention for health monitoring of composites. Here, the reliable detection of different micro-mechanical damage mechanisms is important because of the adverse effect on fatigue life. It is well known that classical parameters obtained from acoustic emission measurements in time domain are strongly dependent on the propagation path and testing conditions. However, signal attenuation, which can be observed due to geometric spreading, material-related damping, and dispersion, is typically neglected. Therefore, it is generally assumed that frequency domain features are reliable descriptors of damage due to invariance of peak frequencies to the propagation path. Based on this assumption, several data-driven approaches for damage detection are developed. However, in contrast to metallic materials, where low attenuation is observed, acoustic emission signals are strongly attenuated in polymer matrix composites due to viscoelastic behavior of the matrix. For instance, it is reported in literature that at high frequencies most of the acoustic emission signal energy is attenuated after a propagation distance of 250~mm. Therefore, new experimental results of acoustic emission attenuation in composites are presented in this paper. Particular focus is placed on the frequency dependence of acoustic emission attenuation and the effect of different loading conditions. The specimens are manufactured from aerospace material. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates are used as a typical specimen geometry. Different acoustic emission sources are considered and the related attenuation coefficients are determined. Furthermore, full waveform data are analyzed in time and time-frequency domain using wavelet transform. From the experimental results it can be concluded that consideration of wave propagation-related signal attenuation is important for the interpretation of acoustic emission measurements for health monitoring of composites. Consequently, the impact on the detectability of different physical damage mechanisms using data-driven classification approaches has to be considered.

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Three point bending test of glass/epoxy composite health monitoring by acoustic emission

Cited by 32 publications

References 28 publications

Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Acoustic Emission and K-S Metric Entropy as Methods for Determining Mechanical Properties of Composite Materials

Effect of propagation distance on acoustic emission of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Experimental Results of Acoustic Emission Attenuation Due toWave Propagation in Composites

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