Three-Year Changes in Adult Risk Drinking Behavior in Relation to the Course of Alcohol-Use Disorders

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Objective: This study examines the associations between the course of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and changes in average daily volume of ethanol intake, frequency of risk drinking, and maximum quantity of drinks consumed per day over a 3-year follow-up interval in a sample of U.S. adults. Method: Data were taken from a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults, who were 18 years of age and older (mean age = 46.4) when initially interviewed in 2001-2002 and successfully reinterviewed approximately 3 years later (n = 22,245 baseline drinkers). The time reference period for the drinking measures was the 12 months preceding the interview. Changes in consumption refl ect differences between Wave 1 and Wave 2 measures for individuals with nonmissing values at both Waves (n = 22,003 for volume of intake, 22,132 for frequency of risk drinking and 21,942 for maximum quantity of drinks). Results: There were positive changes in all consumption measures associated with developing an AUD and negative changes associated with remission of an AUD, even among individuals who continued to drink. Increases and decreases associated with onset and offset of dependence exceeded those associated with onset/offset of abuse only, and the decreases associated with full remission from dependence exceeded those associated with partial remission. There were few changes in consumption among individuals whose AUD status did not change. Interactions of AUD transitions with other factors indicate that development of an AUD is associated with a greater increase in consumption among men, possibly refl ecting their greater total body water and lower blood alcohol concentration in response to a given dose of ethanol, and among individuals with high baseline levels of consumption. Conclusions: Changes in consumption associated with onset and offset of AUD are substantial enough to have important implications for the risk of associated physical and psychological harm. (J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs 69: [866][867][868][869][870][871][872][873][874][875][876][877] 2008)

Probability and Predictors of Patients Converting from Negative to Positive Screens for Alcohol Misuse

“…This study lacked a gold standard measure for alcohol misuse. However, the rates of conversion from a negative to a positive screen in this study correspond with the rates of low-risk drinkers converting to problematic alcohol use (e.g., meeting criteria for alcohol use disorders) ascertained through rigorous interviews (Dawson et al, 2008). As above, some positive screens at follow-up were likely false positives, and some initial negative screens were likely false negatives, and prevalence of these screens needs to be investigated (Bradley et al, 2011b).…”

The Relationship Between Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Use Disorders According to DSM-IV and DSM-5

“…Specifically, longitudinal epidemiological studies generally observe high remission rates of AUDs (de Bruijn et al, 2006), whereas clinical studies describe AUD as a chronic relapsing disorder (Storbj€ ork and Room, 2008). Perhaps, the higher rate of excessive drinking among those with AUD in clinical research compared with those in epidemiological research could play a role in this discrepancy (Dawson et al, 2008;Storbj€ ork and Room, 2008). Specifically, AUDs with excessive drinking may be associated with more persistency than AUDs without excessive drinking.…”

Alcohol-Consumption Trajectories and Associated Characteristics Among Adults Older Than Age 50

“…Nationally representative and longitudinal studies generally have observed drinking patterns for less than 5 years (Dawson et al, 2008;Karlamangla et al, 2006;Perreira and Sloan, 2001) or fewer than fi ve interviews (Goodwin et al, 1987;Moore et al, 2005;Perreira and Sloan, 2001). Longitudinal studies examining relationships between drinking behavior and age have offered limited insight into correlates of changes in drinking other than for demographic factors.…”