Threonine Requirement of Pigs Weighing 5 to 15 kg and the Effect of Excess Methionine in Diets Marginal in Threonine

Abstract

Experiments were conducted to estimate the threonine requirement of pigs weighing 5 to 15 kg and to determine whether excess methionine increased the threonine requirement. Feeding .70% dietary threonine in Exp. 1 maximized (P less than .01) gain/feed and minimized (P less than .01) plasma urea N. Plasma threonine was increased (P less than .01) by threonine supplementation and the rate of increase accelerated above .65% dietary threonine. Threonine supplementation did not affect plasma methionine, tryptophan and(or) lysine, but it increased leucine (P less than .01) and isoleucine (P less than .05). In Exp. 2, additions of .40% methionine and(or) .30% threonine to a 16% crude protein diet that had calculated concentrations of .57% sulfur amino acids and .68% threonine did not affect (P less than .10) pig performance or plasma urea N. In Exp. 3, a 15% crude protein diet that had calculated concentrations of .54% sulfur amino acids and .61% threonine was supplemented with .40% methionine and(or) .15% threonine. Amino acid additions did not affect performance of pigs, but pigs fed supplemental threonine had the least plasma urea N, indicating that .61% dietary threonine was marginally deficient for pigs weighing 5 to 15 kg.

Effects of low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids on performance and intestinal development in piglets over the first 2 weeks after weaning

“…The lower serum urea nitrogen concentration in the piglets fed the low protein, AA-supplemented diets is indicative of a reduction of the AA in excess in these diets, and is probably depending more on the amounts and balance of AA available systemically (Shriver et al, 2003). Rosell and Zimmerman (1985) reported that plasma urea declined at the estimated requirement for AA, reflecting maximum efficiency of nitrogen utilization and minimum synthesis of urea at that point. Therefore, dietary nitrogen from diets with a reduced CP level, but balanced for AA, may be used more efficiently.…”

Opinion of the Panel on additives and products or substances used in animal feed (FEEDAP) on the safety and efficacy of the product containing L‐arginine produced by fermentation from Corynebacterium glutamicum (ATCC‐13870) for all animal species

“…In young growing pigs, 1.63 % dietary arginine had no effect on growth and feed intake and only affected feed efficiency, when lysine was marginally deficient (1.03 % Lys; Hagemeier et al, 1983). In other studies with piglets, 0.67, 1.6 and 2.0 % supplemental arginine decreased weight gain and feed intake, but had variable effects on gain/feed and no effect on the N-balance (Southern and Baker, 1982;Anderson et al, 1984), whereas a moderate arginine supplementation (0.22 %) did not affect performance of growing piglets (Rosell and Zimmerman, 1985). From experiment I on sows (3 % supplemental arginine from day 14 until day 31 of pregnancy and from day 105 until farrowing), a high tolerance could be concluded as well as from the subchronic study in rats (5 % arginine for 13 weeks) 9 .…”

Relação treonina: lisina para leitões de 6 a 11kg de peso vivo em rações formuladas com base no conceito de proteína ideal

“…ROSELL & ZIMMERMAN (1985), trabalhando com leitões dos 5 aos 15kg, e BERTO et al (2002), com leitões dos 7 aos 12kg, avaliaram o desempenho e o teor plasmático de uréia, recomendando a relação lisina:treonina total de 100:61. ZHANG et al (1984), avaliando o valor biológico da proteína, para leitões desmamados com três semanas de idade, também concluíram que a relação lisina:treonina total para ótima utilização de nitrogênio foi de 100:61.…”