Threshold events in spring discharge: Evidence from sediment and continuous water level measurement

Herman, Ellen; Toran, Laura; White, William Β.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.001

Cited by 63 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The pattern is also consistent with contamination of Cumberland County groundwater in 1969 by a gasoline spill close to Harrisburg (Becher and Root, 1981), other Appalachian karst systems (e.g. Dasher and Boyer, 1997;White and White, 2001;Herman et al, 2008), and trends of major cave passages in the region (Smeltzer, 1958). We made preliminary estimates for system volume (357,000 m 3 ) and radius (3 to 4 m) assuming one phreatic pipe.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…3), which suggests that the two source springs have distinct flow paths or that the east spring discharges more diffuse flow. The west source of Big Spring can become turbid during very strong precipitation events, a characteristic of fast flow systems (Quinlan, 1989;Otz and Azzolina, 2007;Herman et al, 2008). Nevertheless, this spring usually demonstrates relatively low variability in discharge, temperature, and turbidity (USGS, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast, Regional Conduit Flow to an Exceptional-Value Spring-Fed Creek: Implications for Source-Water Protection in Mantled Karst of South-Central Pennsylvania

Todd¹,

Brookhart-Rebert²,

Feeney³

et al. 2010

JCKS

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Karst springs of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, are important water resources, but their sources and flow paths are unknown. We traced flow in a mantledkarst groundwater system in the Great Valley section of the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province using fluorescent dyes, with focus on Big Spring Creek. Upper Big Spring Creek is assigned High Quality/Exceptional Value status by Pennsylvania based on its high water quality and value as a multi-use resource with exceptional recreational or ecological significance. Subsurface flow followed the geologic strike after Sulpho Rhodamine B (Acid Red 52) dye was released on exposed carbonates. Subsurface flow had a maximum effective linear velocity of 2.5 km d 21 , which is 8 times greater than sodium fluorescein (Acid Yellow 73) dye released separately into a losing stream over colluvium (0.3 km d 21 ). Sulpho Rhodamine B was detected strongly 8.9 km away at Big Spring Creek's largest source spring (,250 ppt water; 50 ppb eluate), but weakly in an east source (2.5 ppb eluate). Sodium fluorescein was detected after four weeks at 0.07 to 0.15 ppb in eluate at springs at Huntsdale Hatchery, 9.5 km from release atop the colluvial mantle. Slow flow derived from losing streams on the colluvial mantle likely maintains water quality of Big Spring Creek and similar systems. However, this recharge is distant, and the flow passes below karst recharge features in the valley center, creating many opportunities for contamination. Future studies of contaminant and sediment loadings to subterranean basins and of source-water protection strategies that recognize these patterns are necessary to protect these streams.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast, Regional Conduit Flow to an Exceptional-Value Spring-Fed Creek: Implications for Source-Water Protection in Mantled Karst of South-Central Pennsylvania

Todd¹,

Brookhart-Rebert²,

Feeney³

et al. 2010

JCKS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Whites were among the first to investigate the dynamics of sediment transport in caves (White and White 1968) and they also recognised the importance of thresholds for karst hydrogeology: there is a threshold when a limestone fracture transforms into a conduit aquifer; there is a threshold between laminar flow and turbulent flow; and there are thresholds when the aquifer starts to transmit clastic sediments (Herman et al 2008). Different types of contaminants are associated with sediments.…”

Section: Selected Research Highlights: Limestone Dissolution and Sedimentioning

confidence: 99%

William B. White and Elizabeth L. White (USA): their contributions to karst hydrogeology discussed in an interview

Goldscheider

Baker

et al. 2008

Hydrogeol J

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“…Ryan & Meiman 1996;Fiorillo et al 2007;Herman et al 2008;Petrella et al 2009;Mudarra & Andreo 2011;Birk et al 2014). Natural or artificial tracers can provide additional information on water flow characteristics and matter transport (Herczeg et al 1997;Gabrovšek et al 2010;Reed et al 2010;Ravbar et al 2012;Bonacci & Andrić 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treshold-controlled three-stage hydraulic behaviour of a mantled shallow carbonate aquifer (Tuhala karst area, North Estonia)

Koit

Ravbar²,

Marandi³

et al. 2017

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UDC 556.34:551.44(474.2) Oliver Koit, Nataša Ravbar, Andres Marandi & Jaanus Terasmaa: Treshold-controlled three-stage hydraulic behaviour of a mantled shallow carbonate aquifer (Tuhala karst area, North Estonia) As karst aquifers are often characterised by non-linear behaviour, ascertaining the turning points in their hydraulic regime may provide essential information on the functioning of the aquifer. These characteristics also apply to the Silurian-Ordovician aquifer system, composed of diverse carbonate rocks, in Estonia. The aquifer system is an important source of drinking water in northern Estonia. It also comprises the NabalaRakvere aquifer, a locally important groundwater resource that underlies the Tuhala karst area famous for an intermittently overflowing karst spring known as the Witch's Well. The water rich in humic substances of the Tuhala River recharges the Tuhala karst system, which is drained by two spring groups. In order to develop measures for the sustainable management of the aquifer in the future, the aim of this study was to enhance understanding of the hydraulic behaviour and hydrodynamic properties of the Tuhala karst system. From October 2014 to December 2016 an extensive field campaign was carried out comprising the observation of 22 surface-and groundwater monitoring points for water level and physico-chemical parameters and the performance of four quantitative tracer tests. The data obtained were evaluated in accordance with the inputoutput water level relation curves and a conceptual model of the system was set up. The results show that a strong hydraulic link exists, primarily through well-developed conduits between the recharge and discharge area of the karst system. Depending on the hydrological conditions, groundwater flow direc- IzvlečekUDK 556.34:551.44(474.2) Oliver Koit, Nataša Ravbar, Andres Marandi & Jaanus Terasmaa: Določanje mejnih vrednosti tristopenjskega hidravljičnega obnašanja pokritega plitvega karbonatnega vodonosnika (Tuhalski kras, severna Estonija) Kraški vodonosniki se pogosto obnašajo nelinearno, zato lahko z ugotavljanjem mejnih vrednosti v hidravličnem režimu zagotovimo bistvene informacije o delovanju vodonosnika. To velja tudi za silurijsko-ordovicijski vodonosni sistem v Estoniji, ki ga sestavljajo različne karbonatne kamnine in je pomemben vir pitne vode na severu države. Vključuje tudi vodonosnik Nabala-Rakvere, ki je lokalno pomemben vodni vir. Na tem območju se nahaja Tuhalski kras, ki je znan po občasno bruhajočem kraškem izviru Witch's Well (čarovničin vodnjak). Tuhalski vodonosnik napaja reka Tuhala, bogata z huminskimi snovmi, prazni pa se skozi dve skupini izvirov. Da bi v prihodnje razvili ukrepe za trajnostno upravljanje vodonosnika, je bil namen te raziskave izboljšati razumevanje hidravličnega obnašanja in hidrodinamičnih lastnosti kraškega sistema. Od oktobra 2014 do decembra 2016 smo opravili obsežno terensko delo, ki je obsegalo spremljanje vodostajev in fizikalno-kemijskih parametrov v 23 površinskih in podzemnih točkah ter izve...

show abstract

Threshold events in spring discharge: Evidence from sediment and continuous water level measurement

Cited by 63 publications

References 21 publications

Fast, Regional Conduit Flow to an Exceptional-Value Spring-Fed Creek: Implications for Source-Water Protection in Mantled Karst of South-Central Pennsylvania

Fast, Regional Conduit Flow to an Exceptional-Value Spring-Fed Creek: Implications for Source-Water Protection in Mantled Karst of South-Central Pennsylvania

William B. White and Elizabeth L. White (USA): their contributions to karst hydrogeology discussed in an interview

Treshold-controlled three-stage hydraulic behaviour of a mantled shallow carbonate aquifer (Tuhala karst area, North Estonia)

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