Throwing Speed and Accuracy in Baseball and Cricket Players

Freeston, Jonathan; Rooney, Kieron

doi:10.2466/30.pms.118k25w4

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although the ball used in cricket is slightly larger (7.2 vs. 6.7 cm diameter) and heavier (156 vs. 142 g) than in baseball, cricket players repeatedly demonstrate inferior throwing velocities compared with baseball players, even when throwing the same size and weight (cricket) ball (16). Interestingly, our cricket players were shorter (1.84 vs. 1.79 m) and lighter (84.0 vs. 79.8 kg) and demonstrated inferior lateral jump ability (1.89 vs. 1.78 m) than college baseball players of similar age (19.8 vs. 21.1 years) who were capable of generating higher throwing velocities both from the stretch (35.6 vs. 30.5 m$s 21 ) and the shuffle (36.5 vs. 31.8 m$s 21 ) (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, significant differences exist between cricket players and baseball players in terms of throwing performance and biomechanics (5,10). Cricket players have been shown to possess much lower maximal throwing speed (MTS) and accuracy capabilities (16), and throw with increased elbow flexion and reduced shoulder external rotation in the preparation phase of the throw (5) compared with baseball players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Strength and Power Correlates of Throwing Velocity on Subelite Male Cricket Players

Freeston

Carter

Whitaker

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Throwing velocity is an important aspect of fielding in cricket to affect run-outs and reduce the opponent's run-scoring opportunities. Although a relationship between strength and/or power and throwing velocity has been well established in baseball, water polo, and European handball, it has not been adequately explored in cricket. Consequently, this study aimed to determine the relationship between measures of strength and/or power and throwing velocity in cricket players. Seventeen male cricket players (mean ± SD; age, 21.1 ± 1.6 years; height, 1.79 ± 0.06 m; weight, 79.8 ± 6.4 kg) from an elite athlete program were tested for maximal throwing velocity from the stretch position and after a 3-meter shuffle. They were also assessed for strength and power using a range of different measures. Throwing velocity from the stretch position (30.5 ± 2.4 m·s) was significantly related to dominant leg lateral-to-medial jump (LMJ) distance (r = 0.71; p < 0.01), dominant shoulder internal rotation (IR) strength (r = 0.55; p ≤ 0.05), and dominant (r = 0.73; p < 0.01) and nondominant (r = 0.54; p ≤ 0.05) medicine ball rotation (MB Rot) throw velocity and medicine ball chest pass (MB CP) distance (r = 0.67; p < 0.01). A nonsignificant trend was observed for vertical jump (VJ) height (p = 0.06), whereas no significant relationships were observed for nondominant LMJ distance (p = 0.97), nondominant shoulder IR strength (p = 0.80), 1 repetition maximum (RM) squat strength (p = 0.57), 1RM bench press strength (p = 0.90), height (p = 0.33), or weight (p = 0.29). Multiple regression analysis revealed that dominant MB Rot and MB CP explained 66% of the variance. The results were similar for velocity after a shuffle step (31.8 ± 2.1 m·s); however, VJ height reached statistical significance (r = 0.51; p ≤ 0.05). The multiple regression was also similar with MB Rot and MB CP explaining 70% of the variance. The cricketers in this study threw with greater velocity than elite junior and subelite senior cricketers but with lower velocities than elite senior cricketers and collegiate level and professional baseball players. This is the first study to demonstrate a link between strength and/or power and throwing velocity in cricket players and highlight the importance of power development as it relates to throwing velocity. Exercises that more closely simulated the speed (body weight jumps and medicine ball throws) or movement pattern (shoulder IR) of overhead throwing were greater predictors of throwing velocity. Strength and conditioning staff should assess and develop power to enhance throwing performance in cricket players. Exercises with greater movement and speed specificity to throwing should be used in preference over exercises that are slower and have less movement specificity to the throwing motion. Cricket players should engage in power training to bridge the gap in performance between them and baseball players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength and Power Correlates of Throwing Velocity on Subelite Male Cricket Players

Freeston

Carter

Whitaker

et al. 2016

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous studies in cricket, baseball, or handball either support the existence of a speed-accuracy trade-off (Freeston et al, 2007;Freeston and Rooney, 2014;Indermill and Husak, 1984), or do not (Urbin et al, 2012;Van Den Tillaar and Ettema, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In many sports, athletes must hit, throw, or kick a ball with power and accuracy to defeat an opponent. When doing so, athletes face a biomechanical trade-off between speed and accuracy, which forces a compromise between objectives (Andersen and Dorge, 2011;Etnyre, 1998;Freeston and Rooney, 2014). For example, soccer players must kick the ball fast enough to beat a diving goal-keeper and accurately enough to place it within the goal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the two-dimensional accuracy of soccer kicks

Hunter

Angilletta

Pavlic

et al. 2018

Journal of Biomechanics

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In many sports, athletes perform motor tasks that simultaneously require both speed and accuracy for success, such as kicking a ball. Because of the biomechanical trade-off between speed and accuracy, athletes must balance these competing demands. Modelling the optimal compromise between speed and accuracy requires one to quantifyhow task speed affects the dispersion around a target, a level of experimental detail not previously addressed. Using soccer penalties as a system, we measured two-dimensional kicking error over a range of speeds, target heights, and kicking techniques. Twenty experienced soccer players executed a total of 8466 kicks at two targets (high and low). Players kicked with the side of their foot or the instep at ball speeds ranging from 40% to 100% of their maximum. The inaccuracy of kicks was measured in horizontal and vertical dimensions. For both horizontal and vertical inaccuracy, variance increased as a power function of speed, whose parameter values depended on the combination of kicking technique and target height. Kicking precision was greater when aiming at a low target compared to a high target. Side-foot kicks were more accurate than instep kicks. The centre of the dispersion of shots shifted as a function of speed. An analysis of the covariance between horizontal and vertical error revealed right-footed kickers tended to miss below and to the left of the target or above and to the right, while left-footed kickers tended along the reflected axis. Our analysis provides relationships needed to model the optimal strategy for penalty kickers.

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“…batting in baseball). In these cases, studies suggest that moving with an optimal speed will yield an accurate movement performance (Belkin & Eliot, 1997;Freeston & Rooney, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual and Motor Performances between Fencers and Non-Fencers

Akpinar¹,

Beyaz²

2018

SMJ

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Sports participation can improve many cognitive and physical performances. It is important to test diff erent sports in diff erent perceptual and motor tests in order to expose the demands of sports. Thus, in this study, we investigated if there are some perceptual and motor performance diff erences between fencers and aged match sedentary group. Nineteen fencers and nineteen non-fencers performed choice reaction time in an aiming task. Reaction time (RT), accuracy, and velocity of the movements were measured. Results displayed that fencers had signifi cantly faster RT, better accuracy with faster movements compared to non-fencers. These fi ndings suggest that participating a sport requiring fast and accurate pointing movements can modify perceptual and motor performance parameters. Thus, it could be better to select participants who have better perceptual and motor performances. Moreover, speed-accuracy trade off proposed by Fitts (1954) can be altered through long-term sport participation.

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Throwing Speed and Accuracy in Baseball and Cricket Players

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

Strength and Power Correlates of Throwing Velocity on Subelite Male Cricket Players

Strength and Power Correlates of Throwing Velocity on Subelite Male Cricket Players

Modeling the two-dimensional accuracy of soccer kicks

Perceptual and Motor Performances between Fencers and Non-Fencers

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