Thymol accelerates the recovery of the skeletal muscle of mice injured with cardiotoxin

Cardoso, E. Souza; Santana, Tayse A; Diniz, Polyana B.F.; Montalvão, Monalisa Martins; Bani, Cristiane; Thomazzi, Sara Maria

doi:10.1111/jphp.12520

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, thymol is able to promote complete replacement of type III to type I collagen in 14 days, indicating a normal, dynamic collagenation as previously reported in other experimental wound healing studies with red propolis and usnic acid . These findings are reported by other studies with thymol and carvacrol, which demonstrate that both isomers stimulate the production of collagen . Therefore, the discoveries mentioned suggest that these monoterpenes may play an important modulating effect on fibroblast metabolism and collagen synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Effects of Carvacrol, Thymol and essential oils containing such monoterpenes on wound healing: a systematic review

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et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

108

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Objectives The treatment of wounds accounts for a considerable fraction of health expenses as well as serious socioeconomic problems. The use of natural substances stands out as a source of new therapeutic discoveries for the wound healing. Thus, this review compiled scientific findings on the applicability of carvacrol and thymol, or essential oils containing at least one of these compounds, for the treatment of wounds. Methods This review was performed at PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science databases using keywords as wound healing, thymol/carvacrol and essential oils. Thirteen studies were selected for discussion. Key findings Thymol/carvacrol was able to act in the three phases of wound healing. In the first phase, they showed modulatory effect of the inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and antimicrobial power. In the second phase, they promoted re‐epithelialization, angiogenesis and development of granulation tissue. Finally, in the third phase, they improve the collagen deposition and modulated the growth of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Conclusions These compounds present a high potential for the development of new therapeutic for wound repair. However, dose, efficacy and safety of these compounds for the treatment of wounds, as well as the mechanisms by which those effects can be observed, are challenges for future studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…[51,52] These findings are reported by other studies with thymol and carvacrol, which demonstrate that both isomers stimulate the production of collagen. [53,54] Therefore, the discoveries mentioned suggest that these monoterpenes may play an important modulating effect on fibroblast metabolism and collagen synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Carvacrol, Thymol and essential oils containing such monoterpenes on wound healing: a systematic review

Costa

Durço

Rabelo

et al. 2019

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

108

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“…But, thymol possesses a more superior effect than its isomer carvacrol in the same model and the actions are attributed to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activity of thymol (El-Sayed et al, 2016). A report from Cardoso et al (2016) has revealed that thymol (10–100 mg/kg) attenuates inflammation and recovers skeletal muscle from cardiotoxicity in mice.…”

Section: Thymol In Cardiometabolic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development

et al. 2017

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Thymol, chemically known as 2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol is a colorless crystalline monoterpene phenol. It is one of the most important dietary constituents in thyme species. For centuries, it has been used in traditional medicine and has been shown to possess various pharmacological properties including antioxidant, free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, antibacterial, antifungal, antiseptic and antitumor activities. The present article presents a detailed review of the scientific literature which reveals the pharmacological properties of thymol and its multiple therapeutic actions against various cardiovascular, neurological, rheumatological, gastrointestinal, metabolic and malignant diseases at both biochemical and molecular levels. The noteworthy effects of thymol are largely attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting recruitment of cytokines and chemokines), antioxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, enhancing the endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and chelation of metal ions), antihyperlipidemic (via increasing the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreasing the levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the circulation and membrane stabilization) (via maintaining ionic homeostasis) effects. This review presents an overview of the current in vitro and in vivo data supporting thymol’s therapeutic activity and the challenges concerning its use for prevention and its therapeutic value as a dietary supplement or as a pharmacological agent or as an adjuvant along with current therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. It is one of the potential candidates of natural origin that has shown promising therapeutic potential, pharmacological properties and molecular mechanisms as well as pharmacokinetic properties for the pharmaceutical development of thymol.

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“…Fourteen days after CTX injection into the TA muscle, exogenous Ang-1 significantly increased muscle contractility, fiber regeneration, and capillary density [15]. Antiinflammatory compounds such as thymol were found to accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration by observing a reduction in the number of mast cells and a decrease in the final percent of collagen after CTX injection into the gastrocnemius muscle [16]. However, while myotoxin injection is an ideal Figure 1.…”

Section: Myotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fourteen days after CTX injection into the TA muscle, exogenous Ang-1 significantly increased muscle contractility, fiber regeneration, and capillary density [ 15 ]. Anti-inflammatory compounds such as thymol were found to accelerate skeletal muscle regeneration by observing a reduction in the number of mast cells and a decrease in the final percent of collagen after CTX injection into the gastrocnemius muscle [ 16 ]. However, while myotoxin injection is an ideal model to understand the underlying mechanisms of skeletal muscle regeneration, it is unable to model the frank loss of tissue that occurs in traumatic injury, such as those presenting from VML, limiting its relevance for clinical injuries.…”

Section: Myotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Trends in Injury Models to Study Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Repair

2020

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Skeletal muscle injuries that occur from traumatic incidents, such as those caused by car accidents or surgical resections, or from injuries sustained on the battlefield, result in the loss of functionality of the injured muscle. To understand skeletal muscle regeneration and to better treat these large scale injuries, termed volumetric muscle loss (VML), in vivo injury models exploring the innate mechanisms of muscle injury and repair are essential for the creation of clinically applicable treatments. While the end result of a muscle injury is often the destruction of muscle tissue, the manner in which these injuries are induced as well as the response from the innate repair mechanisms found in muscle in each animal models can vary. This targeted review describes injury models that assess both skeletal muscle regeneration (i.e., the response of muscle to myotoxin or ischemic injury) and skeletal muscle repair (i.e., VML injury). We aimed to summarize the injury models used in the field of skeletal muscle tissue engineering, paying particular attention to strategies to induce muscle damage and how to standardize injury conditions for future experiments.

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Thymol accelerates the recovery of the skeletal muscle of mice injured with cardiotoxin

Abstract: This study suggests that thymol ameliorates inflammatory response and accelerates regeneration in cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury.

Cited by 11 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of Carvacrol, Thymol and essential oils containing such monoterpenes on wound healing: a systematic review

Effects of Carvacrol, Thymol and essential oils containing such monoterpenes on wound healing: a systematic review

Pharmacological Properties and Molecular Mechanisms of Thymol: Prospects for Its Therapeutic Potential and Pharmaceutical Development

Recent Trends in Injury Models to Study Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Repair

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