Thymoma removal in a cat with acquired myasthenia gravis: a case report and literature review of anesthetic techniques

Shilo, Yael; Pypendop, Bruno H.; Barter, Linda S; Epstein, Steven E

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2011.00648.x

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thirty‐five of these cats survived the immediate postoperative period and all but one of the surviving cats (34 cats) required medical management to control clinical signs of MG after thymectomy. This finding correlates with the veterinary literature where almost all cases of cats with MG‐associated thymoma required postsurgical medical management to control signs of MG 7, 11, 12. There is only 1 case of a cat reported with a cystic thymoma and associated MG that recovered postthymectomy without a relapse of clinical signs of MG 9…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…In both the human and veterinary literature, there are conflicting reports of continued clinical signs of MG versus remission of clinical signs after surgical removal of thymoma 7, 11, 12, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33. Studies in myasthenic people include both cases of thymic hyperplasia and thymoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early reports of acquired MG in cats are limited to case studies6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and retrospective case series 3, 16. Of the 13 cats in these reports, 6 were treated with pyridostigmine alone, 6 were treated with a combination of pyridostigmine and steroids (prednisone or prednisolone), and 1 cat was treated with only prednisolone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cats with Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (2001–2012)

Hague

Humphries

Mitchell

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundAcquired myasthenia gravis (MG) in cats most commonly causes generalized weakness without megaesophagus and is more often associated with a cranial mediastinal mass, compared to dogs.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo extend the clinical findings described in the report of 2000 on MG in cats (J Am Vet Med Assoc 215:55–57).AnimalsTwo hundred and thirty‐five cats with MG.MethodsRetrospective case study to evaluate the long‐term outcome and incidence of spontaneous remission in myasthenic cats. Information including signalment, clinical presentation, presence of and type of cranial mediastinal mass, treatment including surgical versus medical, survival time, and outcome including spontaneous remissions was collected and analyzed in cats diagnosed at the Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory, University of California San Diego by detection of acetylcholine receptor antibody titers >0.3 nmol/L by immunoprecipitation radioimmunosassay.ResultsAcquired MG in cats is associated with a euthanasia rate of 58%. Abyssinian and Somali cats had an increased incidence of MG compared to mixed breed cats or cats of other breeds. A cranial mediastinal mass, most commonly thymoma, was observed in 52% of the cats, which is higher than in the previous report. Spontaneous remission is not a characteristic of MG in cats.Conclusions and clinical importanceMyasthenia gravis in cats is a chronic disease associated with a high incidence of a cranial mediastinal mass. Spontaneous remission is not common and clinicians should warn owners of the necessity for long‐term treatment. The clinical outcome with a cranial mediastinal mass did not differ between surgical or medical treatment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cats with Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (2001–2012)

Hague

Humphries

Mitchell

et al. 2015

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Cats may be unable to retract their claws, and signs may progress to paresis, cervical ventroflexion, and weight loss. 63 These patients are at high risk of aspiration pneumonia that may lead to respiratory failure and euthanasia. 61…”

Section: Clinical Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Steagall

2014

Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Co‐Existing Disease

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“…The clinical presentation of these tumors can be directly influenced by the neoplasm, consisting with respiratory distress, or could be characterized by paraneoplastic syndromes such as myasthenia gravis (rare in cats compared to dogs) (Singh et al, 2010;Shilo et al, 2011;Hague et al, 2015) or exfoliative dermatitis, prevalently reported in cats (Rottenberg et al, 2004;Singh et al, 2010). Treatment options in cats involve surgical excision (Gores et al, 1994;Zitz et al, 2008), with reported median survival times for patients surviving the surgery of 1,825 days, with a 1-year survival rate of 89% and a 3-year survival rate of 74% (Zitz et al, 2008) or radiation therapy with a median survival time of 720 days (Smith et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound guided electrochemotherapy for the treatment of a clear cell thymoma in a cat

Spugnini¹,

Menicagli²,

Pettorali³

et al. 2017

Open Vet J.

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A twelve-year-old male castrated domestic shorthair cat was presented for rapidly progressing respiratory distress. The cat was depressed, tachypneic and moderately responsive. Ultrasonography showed a mediastinal mass associated with a significant pleural effusion that needed tapping every five to seven days. Ultrasound guided biopsy yielded a diagnosis of clear cell thymoma upon histopathology. After complete staging procedures, the owner elected to treat the cat with electrochemotherapy (ECT) using systemic bleomycin. Two sessions of ultrasound guided ECT were performed at two week intervals with trains of biphasic electric pulses applied using needle electrodes until complete coverage of the area was achieved. The treatment was well tolerated and resulted in partial remission (PR). Additional sessions were performed on a monthly basis. The cat is still in PR after fourteen months. ECT resulted in improved local control and should be considered among the available adjuvant treatments in pets carrying visceral tumors.

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Thymoma removal in a cat with acquired myasthenia gravis: a case report and literature review of anesthetic techniques

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cats with Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (2001–2012)

Risk Factors and Outcomes in Cats with Acquired Myasthenia Gravis (2001–2012)

Skin and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Ultrasound guided electrochemotherapy for the treatment of a clear cell thymoma in a cat

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