Thymoquinone has a neuroprotective effect against inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the brain cortex, medulla, and hippocampus due to doxorubicin

Abstract

Although doxorubicin (DOX) is used in many cancer treatments, it causes neurotoxicity. In this study, the effect of thymoquinone (THQ), a powerful antioxidant, on DOX-induced neurotoxicity was evaluated. In total, 40 rats were used and 5 groups were formed. Group I: control group (n = 8); Group II: olive oil group (n = 8); Group III: the THQ group (n = 8); THQ 10 mg/kg per day was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) throughout the experiment; group IV: DOX group (n = 8); On Day 7 of the experiment, a single dose of 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally DOX injected; group V: DOX + THQ group (n = 8); Throughout the experiment, 10 mg/kg THQ per day and intraperitoneally 15 mg/kg DOX on Day 7 were injected. Immunohistochemically, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1-α), glucose regulatory protein 78 (GRP78), and the gene inducible by growth arrest and DNA damage 153 (GADD153) proteins were evaluated in the brain cortex, medulla, and hippocampus regions. Total oxidant status (TOS) levels and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the brain tissue were measured. TNF-α, IL-17, HIF1-α, GRP78, and GADD153 immunoreactivities significantly increased in the DOX group in the study. THQ significantly reduced these values. THQ increased the TAS level significantly and decreased the TOS level significantly compared to the DOX group.THQ may play a role as a neuroprotective agent in DOX-induced neurotoxicity in the cortex, medulla, and hippocampus regions of the brain.

Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell infiltration in coronary artery disease by machine learning, nomogram, and molecular docking

“…These suggest that CRTH2 deficiency attenuates doxorubicin-induced myocardial injury in mice. Doxorubicin may induce an increased expression of IL17A protein, which can be strongly suppressed by thymoquinone ( 51 ). We found a total of four drugs through molecular docking.…”

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of spirulina and thymoquinone mitigate the methotrexate-induced neurotoxicity

“…Previous research on TQ has demonstrated its pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotective, and antioxidant effects (Ashraf et al 2011 ; Abdel-Daim et al 2020 ). TQ has been reported to have antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and enhancing the activity of internal antioxidant enzymes (Badary et al 2003 ), which has been associated with its neuroprotective activity (Saygin et al 2018 ; Abdel-Daim et al 2019 , 2020 ; Aboubakr et al 2021 ; Kaymak et al 2021 ).…”

Effects of chronic administration of thymoquinone on penicillin induced epileptiform activity in rats

“…Recently, some neuropharmacological effects of TQ have been demonstrated. Among these neuropharmacological effects of TQ like anticonvulsant effects, muscle relaxants, and hypnotic effects, it is effects on motor coordination and locomotor activity were also investigated (6,7).…”