Thymus-Dependent Lymphocytes and Delayed Hypersensitivity in Low Birth Weight Infants

Chandra, R. K.; Ali, S.; Kutty, Karthiyanee; Chandra, Sindhu

doi:10.1159/000240937

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…More interesting are differences in the phenotype, cytokine profiles and function of lymphocytes of nephrotic patients during relapse in remission [48][49][50][51]. In immunological studies of SGA cohorts, a reduced number of T cells, a higher number of CD8-positive cells and delayed hypersensitivity reaction were detectable [52,53]. Knowledge of the immunological consequences of IUGR is limited at the moment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low birth weight, but not postnatal weight gain, aggravates the course of nephrotic syndrome

et al. 2007

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Clinical and animal studies have shown a higher risk of an aggravated course of renal disease in childhood after birth for babies small for gestational age (SGA). In addition relative "supernutrition" and fast weight gain in early infancy seem to support the development of later disease. In a retrospective analysis of 62 cases of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome treated between 1994 and 2004 at a university centre for paediatric nephrology, we related the course of disease to birth weight and to the weight gain in the first 2 years of life. Six children were born SGA (birth weight <-1.5 standard deviation score), and 56 were born as appropriate for gestational age (AGA). In all SGA children renal biopsy was performed, while only 55% of the AGA children underwent renal biopsy (P = 0.07), showing no difference in renal histology. In the SGA group, four of six patients developed steroid resistance (vs 12/56 AGA, P < 0.05). Of the SGA children, 83% needed antihypertensive treatment in the course of the disease compared to 39% of the AGA children (P = 0.07). The extent of weight gain between birth and 24 months of age did not influence the course of disease. In conclusion, we were able to find evidence for an aggravated course of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in former SGA children. Independently of birth weight, weight gain in the first 2 years of life did not influence the course of disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low birth weight, but not postnatal weight gain, aggravates the course of nephrotic syndrome

et al. 2007

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“…In addition, malnourished children have a reduced saliva secretion rate and buffering capacity, lower calcium and protein secretion in stimulated saliva, and impaired immunological and agglutinating defence factors in unstimulated saliva [Johansson et al, 1992[Johansson et al, , 1994. Finally, low birth weight has been associated with lower levels of IgG, IgA and IgM [Ballow et al, 1986], lower antibody titers, lower numbers of circulating T cells and complement factors [Chandra et al, 1977;Chandra and Matsumura, 1980;Chandra, 1988], which partly explains the higher incidence of infections in low birth weight infants through the first 10 months of life. By contrast, normal birth weight infants achieve normal immune function by 3 months [Chandra, 1981[Chandra, , 1986.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Life Course Approach to Assessing Causes of Dental Caries Experience: The Relationship between Biological, Behavioural, Socio-Economic and Psychological Conditions and Caries in Adolescents

et al. 2003

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The objective of this study was to further elucidate the relationship between relevant biological, behavioural, socio-economic and psychological conditions, experienced in very early life and along the life course, and dental caries experience using the life course approach. A two-phase study was carried out in Brazil. In the first phase, 652 13-year-olds were clinically examined and interviewed. In the second phase, 330 families were randomly selected for interview to collect information on the teenagers’ early years of life. Clinical assessment included dental caries, periodontal and traumatic dental injury status. The data analysis involved multiple logistic regression analysis. Adolescents born in a non-brick house, those with a low birth weight and those who were the second or later child in the family were statistically significantly more likely to have a high DMF-T. In conclusion, the results of this study show that there is an association between socio-economic and biological factors in very early life and levels of caries in adolescents.

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“…Increased growth in utero may therefore lead to an increased risk of later immune mediated destruction of the pancreatic β cells. Low birth weight has been associated with impaired cellular immune competence up to 5 years of age29 and with increased mortality from infectious diseases in the age group 1-15 years. 17 30 Perhaps an impaired cellular immune response makes children less prone to immune mediated destruction of the β cells?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight and childhood onset type 1 diabetes: population based cohort study

Stene¹,

Magnus²,

Lie³

et al. 2001

BMJ

157

136

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The work of McCarron et al has provided clear evidence that substantial changes in blood pressure levels can occur, and both these and other data suggest that such changes can occur in broad population groups. New epidemiological studies that provide reliable information about the most likely causes of these changes, and new large scale randomised trials that identify effective means of changing population levels of blood pressure, are needed. To have the greatest impact on the global burden of cardiovascular disease, however, the data from such studies must be directly applicable to the social, cultural, and economic circumstances of the less affluent sections of the global community.Competing interests: None declared. 2 An association between high birth weight or high birth weight for gestational age and increased risk of type 1 diabetes has been found in some relatively large case-control studies, even after exclusion of data from children whose mother had diabetes in pregnancy.3-5 On the other hand, several other case-control studies have not found any significant association. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The magnitude of the association between birth weight and type 1 diabetes seems to be relatively small, and the lack of significant association in the latter studies may be explained by insufficient statistical power. We estimated the associations between birth weight and gestational age and the incidence rate of type 1 diabetes in a large population based cohort study that provided sufficient power to estimate these associations over a wide range of values. Participants and methods ParticipantsSince the beginning of 1989 all newly diagnosed cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed in children aged up to 15 years in Norway have been prospectively registered with a high level of ascertainment in the National Childhood Diabetes Registry. 15 We designed a cohort study by record linkage of the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the childhood diabetes registry through the unique personal identification number assigned to all residents of Norway. Out of 1863 cases of type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 1998, 1824 were linked. All live births in Norway between 1974 and 1998 contributed time under observation from birth to diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, age 15 years, or 31 December 1998, whichever occurred first. As registration of cases started in 1989, the time under observation was counted only from 1 January 1989 for those born before this date. Deaths in the first year of life were Papers

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Thymus-Dependent Lymphocytes and Delayed Hypersensitivity in Low Birth Weight Infants

Cited by 40 publications

References 6 publications

Low birth weight, but not postnatal weight gain, aggravates the course of nephrotic syndrome

Low birth weight, but not postnatal weight gain, aggravates the course of nephrotic syndrome

A Life Course Approach to Assessing Causes of Dental Caries Experience: The Relationship between Biological, Behavioural, Socio-Economic and Psychological Conditions and Caries in Adolescents

Birth weight and childhood onset type 1 diabetes: population based cohort study

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