Thyroid abscess in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient

Abstract

Background Thyroid abscess is a rare entity and occurs in patients in a particular situation either in an immunocompromised patient or on tuberculosis infection since the African countries are still tuberculosis endemic countries Case presentation We report the case of a 38-year-old female patient who has a thyroid abscess caused by Citrobacter which is a rare germ. Screening for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was positive for HIV infection. Conclusions Screening for HIV and other causes of immunosuppression should be considered in any patient with thyroid abscess.

Thyroid abscess, an uncommon diagnosis: A case report and mini‑review of the literature

“…Thyroid abscesses are a rare entity, with an incidence of <1% among thyroid gland pathologies and representing only 0.1% of surgical thyroid pathologies ( 4 ). It is an unusual condition due to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the gland, which provides it with relative immunity ( 2 ).…”

Chronic Suppurative Thyroid Abscess: A Case Report

“…It most commonly occurs as a sequela of acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) which is frequently seen in children with anatomical abnormalities such as a pyriform sinus fistula [2] and thyroglossal duct cyst [3] (tend to present earlier in life) and in adults with pre-existing conditions such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid malignancy [1]. Immunocompromised patients and those with a history of trauma such as FNAC and foreign body trauma from esophageal perforation are also at an increased risk of developing AST and thyroid abscess [4][5][6]. Infection may occur via lymphatic or hematogenous spread from distant sites, and organisms isolated include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus (accounting for 70 % of cases) [4], Klebsiella, Salmonella, Mycobacterium, and fungal infections in immunocompromised patients [7].…”

“…Immunocompromised patients and those with a history of trauma such as FNAC and foreign body trauma from esophageal perforation are also at an increased risk of developing AST and thyroid abscess [4][5][6]. Infection may occur via lymphatic or hematogenous spread from distant sites, and organisms isolated include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus (accounting for 70 % of cases) [4], Klebsiella, Salmonella, Mycobacterium, and fungal infections in immunocompromised patients [7]. E. coli, the isolated organism in this case, is a rare pathogen of thyroid abscess, and only a handful of cases have been reported, most of them occurring due to hematogenous spread of partially treated urinary tract infections [7].…”

An Idiopathic Sterile Thyroid Abscess in a Five-Year-Old Child

“…The abscess may burst and invade the esophagus or trachea if treatment is not received. Even with outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy, surgical drainage and excision of any concomitant anatomic defects were necessary in several cases to decrease the risk of recurrence of the abscess [12].…”