Thyroid hormone concentrations differ between donkeys and horses

Mendoza, Francisco J.; Pérez-Écija, Alejandro; Toribio, Ramiro E.; Estepa, J. C.

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00622.x

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The selected reference interval for TT4 was 14.16 -46.33 nmol/L, which is comparable to the range reported by several authors (Morris & García 1985;Meredith & Dobrinski 2004;Breuhaus et al 2006;Graves et al 2006;Kheirkhah & Hassanpour 2013;Mendoza et al 2013;Hilderbran et al 2014). In addition, the selected reference interval for FT4 was 3.60 -16.09 pmol/L (Breuhaus et al 2006;Graves et al 2006;Mendoza et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…In addition, the selected reference interval for FT4 was 3.60 -16.09 pmol/L (Breuhaus et al 2006;Graves et al 2006;Mendoza et al 2013). Besides, the selected reference range for cortisol, 23.45 -166.64 nmol/L, coincides with previous reports using radioimmunoassay (Haritou et al 2008;Mair & Sherlock 2009;Schenk et al 2012;Liburt et al 2013).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

“…However, some authors and clinicians consider that thyroid gland dysfunction in horses could often be misdiagnosed due to a poor understanding of equine thyroid physiology and because reference intervals for thyroid hormones differ considerably among laboratories and measurement techniques (Mendoza et al 2013). In addition, thyroid hormones are important physiological indicators commonly used in studies concerning metabolic rate and general development (Medica et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Suárez-Esquivel¹,

Castro-Ramírez²

2016

Ciencias Veterinarias

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Measurement of thyroid hormones and cortisol in horses withan automated immunoassay analyzer Abstract: Even though thyroid gland diseases are unusual in horses, it is important to have a reference interval for thyroid hormones in this species at every veterinary endocrine laboratory. In addition, cortisol and thyroid hormone measurement is useful in horses, not only for disease diagnosis, but as a tool for monitoring and researching performance and metabolic rate.The objectives of this study included (i) to test the capacity of the automated analyzer AIA 360® (TOSOH Bioscience) to measure thyroid hormones and cortisol in equine serum in a reliable way, and (ii) to establish a reference interval for thyroid hormones in Costa Rican horses using the AIA-360®.A total of 68 healthy and treatment free horses (31 males and 37 females) were sampled. Horses were grouped into three different categories according to their ages. Serum concentrations of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and cortisol were quantified with the AIA-360®. Statistic relationships of hormonal values, gender and age were determined using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Wilcoxon (U Man-Whitney) tests. P <0.05 was considered significant.Selected reference intervals were: TT4 14.16 -46.33 nmol/L, FT4 3.60 -16.09 pmol/L and cortisol 23.45 -166.64 nmol/L. No statistically significant relationship was found between gender, age, and hormone values. Besides, significant relationships (p<0.05) were found between hormone levels and some environmental parameters. Animals living at higher altitudes showed higher cortisol levels, while cortisol decreases as the environmental temperature rises. Moreover, the FT4 levels are higher as precipitation increases. Finally, TT4 seems to be lower as day light length increases; however, no statistical relationship was found (p<0.30). Our results show that the use of the automated analyzer AIA-360® is suitable to measure thyroid hormones and cortisol, and that the values found are comparable with other studies and analysis techniques.Keywords: horses, thyroid hormones, cortisol, reference interval, AIA-360®Resumen: A pesar de que las enfermedades tiroideas son poco comunes en equinos, es importante contar con un intervalo de referencia para hormonas tiroideas en cualquier laboratorio de endocrinología veterinaria. Asimismo, la medición de cortisol y hormonas tiroideas es útil en caballos, no solamente en el diagnóstico de enfermedades, sino que, ambos tipos de hormonas, son utilizadas como herramientas para monitorización e investigación del desempeño físico y la tasa metabólica. Los objetivos de este estudio son: (i) probar la capacidad del analizador automatizado AIA 360® (TOSOH Bioscience) para la medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en suero equino de forma confiable y; (ii) establecer un intervalo de referencia para hormonas tiroideas en caballos costarricenses utilizando el AIA -360®.Se muestreó 68 caballos saludables, libres de medicación (31 machos y 37 hembras) y se agruparon en tres categorías, con base e...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Suárez-Esquivel¹,

Castro-Ramírez²

2016

Ciencias Veterinarias

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“…Details of up-todate reference ranges can be obtained from The Donkey Sanctuary (www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk) or Wikivet (www.wikivet.net). Many reference ranges are in the process of being created for donkeys and specific breeds of donkeys and the interested clinician is urged to seek breed specific differences where possible [47], [48].…”

Section: Biochemical and Haematological Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donkeys Are Different

Burden

Thiemann

2015

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

139

177

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“…Few studies have evaluated thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations in donkeys [6]. Donkeys have higher plasma f triiodothyronine (fT3), tT3, fT4, tT4, and reverse T3 concentrations than horses [6].…”

Section: Thyroid Gland Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part I: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Alimentary Tract Disturbances

Mendoza

Toribio

Pérez-Écija

2018

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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a b s t r a c tMetabolic and endocrine disturbances are common in donkeys. This species has an inherent ability to thrive with limited and poor-quality roughage. Donkeys are extremely efficient in energy storage and mobilization, which predisposes to hyperlipemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of dyslipidemias is higher in donkeys than other equids, which is more evident under stressful conditions. Diagnosis of endocrine and metabolic disorders in donkeys should be based on species-specific information considering that differences in a multitude of variables compared with horses have been demonstrated. Protocols to assess endocrine disorders (e.g., pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, and thyroid illness) are unavailable, and extrapolation from horse data can be misleading. Treatment guidelines for these conditions in donkeys are currently not reported. On the other hand, the typical stoic and hardy behavior of donkeys can hinder prompt diagnosis of gastrointestinal problems, specifically colic, which is commonly caused by dental issues in this species. Moreover, subclinical gastric ulcer syndrome appears to be a common pathology in this species, especially in working donkeys.

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Thyroid hormone concentrations differ between donkeys and horses

Abstract: Establishing species-specific TH reference ranges is important when evaluating clinicopathologic data in equids in order to avoid the misdiagnosis of thyroid gland dysfunction. Further studies to elucidate the physiological mechanisms leading to these differences are warranted.

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Medición de hormonas tiroideas y cortisol en caballos mediante un analizador de inmunoensayo automatizado

Donkeys Are Different

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part I: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Alimentary Tract Disturbances

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