Thyroid Volume and Echostructure in Schoolchildren Living in an Iodine-Replete Area: Relation to Age, Pubertal Stage, and Body Mass Index

Kaloumenou, Irene; Alevizaki, Maria; Ladopoulos, Charalambos; Antoniou, Aris; Duntas, Leonidas H.; Mastorakos, George; Chiotis, Dimitri; Mengreli, Chrysanthi; Livadas, Sarantis; Xekouki, Paraskevi; Dacou-Voutetakis, Catherine

doi:10.1089/thy.2006.0327

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In our study, the best predictor of thyroid volume was BSA, in line with several other studies [1,5,15,21]. In children, too, although less documented than in adults, thyroid volume has been found to increase with increasing anthropometric measures [6,7,8]. In line with our finding in adults, BSA was found to be the best predictor of thyroid volume, and it was recommended to use this criterion in order to evaluate the constitutional characteristics of child development [8].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Additionally, the relation between a large body size and nonmedullary differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) risk could be due to a common correlation with thyroid volume [3]. Anthropometric and clinical determinants of thyroid volume in adults [1,4,5] and children [6,7,8] have been investigated, particularly the potential interactions with other risk factors for DTC such as iodine intake, previous pregnancies in women, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption [5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyroid Volume and Its Relation to Anthropometric Measures in a Healthy Cuban Population

Turcios¹,

Lence-Anta²,

Santana³

et al. 2015

Eur Thyroid J

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the thyroid volume in healthy adults by ultrasound and to correlate this volume with some anthropometric measures and other differentiated thyroid cancer risk factors. Study Design: Thyroid volume and anthropometric measures were recorded in a sample of 100 healthy adults, including 21 men and 79 women aged 18-50 years, living in a non-iodine-deficient area of Havana city. Results: The average thyroid volume was 6.6 ± 0.26 ml; it was higher in men (7.3 ml) than in women (6.4 ml; p = 0.15). In the univariate analysis, thyroid volume was correlated with all anthropometric measures, but in the multivariate analysis, body surface area was found to be the only significant anthropometric parameter. Thyroid volume was also higher in current or former smokers and in persons with blood group AB or B. Conclusion: Specific reference values of thyroid volume as a function of body surface area could be used for evaluating thyroid volume in clinical practice. The relation between body surface area and thyroid volume is coherent with what is known about the relation of thyroid volume to thyroid cancer risk, but the same is not true about the relation between thyroid volume and smoking habit.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Volume and Its Relation to Anthropometric Measures in a Healthy Cuban Population

Turcios¹,

Lence-Anta²,

Santana³

et al. 2015

Eur Thyroid J

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“…Girls in the present study were at higher risk of developing goitre than boys were, which could be attributed to the increased physiological demand for iodine during puberty, which begins 2 years earlier in girls (22,23). The higher goitre rate among girls was consistent with earlier observations (13).…”

Section: Goitre Prevalencesupporting

confidence: 88%

Prevalence of iodine deficiency disoriders among school children in Saudi Arabia: results of a national iodine nutrition study

Al-Dakheel

Haridi

Al-Bashir

et al. 2016

East Mediterr Health J

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This study aimed at establishing updated data on iodine nutrition among schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional cluster survey among schoolchildren aged 8-10 years was conducted during February-April 2012. Children were clinically examined for goitre, urine and household salt samples were collected to estimate urinary iodine concenteration (UIC) and iodine content in salt. The overall goitre prevalence at the national level among 4 016 children was 4.2%. The prevalence was < 5% in all regions of the country except southern region with a prevalence of 12.7%. The median UIC of 2224 samples was 133 µg/L, with 74.3% of the surveyed children with UIC ≥ 100 µg/L. Analysis of salt samples (n = 4242) revealed that 69.8% of households were consuming adequately iodized salt. The findings suggest iodine sufficiency at the national level, however southern region still has a goitre prevalence of mild degree severity and the proportion of households consuming adequately iodized salt is still below recommendations. ‫باليود‬ ‫للتغذية‬ ‫وطنية‬

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“…The thyroid volume was defined as the sum of the volumes of both lobes, without including the isthmus [13]. For assessment of thyroid volume SDS, the following formula was used: Thyroid volume SDS = Measured volume – Mean predicted volume for age and sex/SD [14]. Patients were considered to be goitrous if they had a thyroid volume SDS >2.0.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Thyroxine Reduces Thyroid Volume in Euthyroid Children and Adolescents with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

Scarpa

Kousta²,

Tertipi³

et al. 2010

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background/Aims: Treatment with thyroxine in children with chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (AT) is controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate, by using thyroid ultrasonography, whether thyroxine influences thyroid volume in non-goitrous euthyroid children with AT. Methods: We studied 50 euthyroid non-goitrous children and adolescents with AT for 2 years by thyroid function tests and ultrasonography; 25 were randomized to receive thyroxine and 25 did not receive treatment. Median (IQR) age was 12.1 (11.1–13.2) years. Results: At baseline there was no difference in thyroid volume SDS between the two groups (treatment group 1.1 (0.7–1.5) and controls 0.9 (0.4–1.4), respectively). After 2 years the treatment group had lower thyroid volume SDS compared to the controls (0.6 (0.3–1.0) vs. 2.0 (1.1–2.3), p = 0.001). One child of the treatment group and 12 of the control group developed goiter. Two control children developed subclinical hypothyroidism. Within the treatment group, thyroid volume SDS was lower after 2 years of treatment (p = 0.002). Within the control group, thyroid volume SDS and TSH levels increased after 2 years of follow-up (p = 0.016, 1.9 (1.5–2.8) vs. 3.2 (2.4–4.4) mIU/ml, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: Treatment with thyroxine reduces thyroid volume in non-goitrous euthyroid children with AT and may prevent goiter development.

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Thyroid Volume and Echostructure in Schoolchildren Living in an Iodine-Replete Area: Relation to Age, Pubertal Stage, and Body Mass Index

Abstract: In healthy Greek children living in an iodine-replete area, the main determinants of TV in both boys and girls were age, BSA, and pubertal stage. The prevalence of goiter was 3.2% and that of altered echostructure was 9.2%.

Cited by 40 publications

References 25 publications

Thyroid Volume and Its Relation to Anthropometric Measures in a Healthy Cuban Population

Thyroid Volume and Its Relation to Anthropometric Measures in a Healthy Cuban Population

Prevalence of iodine deficiency disoriders among school children in Saudi Arabia: results of a national iodine nutrition study

Treatment with Thyroxine Reduces Thyroid Volume in Euthyroid Children and Adolescents with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis

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