THz Medical Imaging: in vivo Hydration Sensing

Taylor, Zachary D.; Singh, Rahul; Bennett, David; Tewari, Priyamvada; Kealey, Colin P.; Bajwa, Neha; Culjat, Martin O.; Stojadinovic, Alexander; Lee, Hua; Hubschman, Jean‐Pierre; Brown, E. R.; Grundfest, Warren S.

doi:10.1109/tthz.2011.2159551

Cited by 315 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(169 reference statements)

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“…6(c) show a good differentiation between muscle and fat tissue for both refractive index and absorption coefficient. This is a well-known contrast between these tissue types in THz band as reported in the literature for human tissue [36]. These results will be used for validation of the reflection imaging models in Section 4.2.…”

Section: Animal Tissue Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 54%

Terahertz transmission vs reflection imaging and model-based characterization for excised breast carcinomas

Bowman

El-Shenawee

Campbell

2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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This work presents experimental and analytical comparison of terahertz transmission and reflection imaging modes for assessing breast carcinoma in excised paraffinembedded human breast tissue. Modeling for both transmission and reflection imaging is developed. The refractive index and absorption coefficient of the tissue samples are obtained. The reflection measurements taken at the system's fixed oblique angle of 30° are shown to be a hybridization of TE and TM modes. The models are validated with transmission spectroscopy at fixed points on fresh bovine muscle and fat tissues. Images based on the calculated absorption coefficient and index of refraction of bovine tissue are successfully compared with the terahertz magnitude and phase measured in the reflection mode. The validated techniques are extended to 20 and 30 μm slices of fixed human lobular carcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma mounted on polystyrene microscope slides in order to investigate the terahertz differentiation of the carcinoma with non-cancerous tissue. Both transmission and reflection imaging show clear differentiation in carcinoma versus healthy tissue. However, when using the reflection mode, in the calculation of the thin tissue properties, the absorption is shown to be sensitive to small phase variations that arise due to deviations in slide and tissue thickness and non-ideal tissue adhesion. On the other hand, the results show that the transmission mode is much less sensitive to these phase variations. The results also demonstrate that reflection imaging provides higher resolution and more clear margins between cancerous and fibroglandular regions, cancerous and fatty regions, and fibroglandular and fatty tissue regions. In addition, more features consistent with high power pathology images are exhibited in the reflection mode images.

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Section: Animal Tissue Spectroscopysupporting

confidence: 54%

Terahertz transmission vs reflection imaging and model-based characterization for excised breast carcinomas

Bowman

El-Shenawee

Campbell

2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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“…The demand for terahertz (THz) detectors with the capability of delivering real-time imaging increases for an ever broader range of applications such as security [100], non destructive testing [101], medical imaging [102], pharmaceutical applications [103], soil inspection [104] and food inspection [105]. THz electronic detectors are commonly classified into coherent and incoherent detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra Low Noise CMOS Image Sensors

Boukhayma

2018

Springer Theses

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“…The enhancement of spatial resolution without increasing the frequency of THz waves enabled by our technique is a far-reaching result and one of the figures of merit in THz imaging applications because an increase in frequency generally leads to a decrease in THz power and an increase in the materials' absorption. [34][35][36] This paper is organized as follows. Section II presents the experimental verification of terajet generation at 125 GHz and characterizes the generated terajet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of spatial resolution of terahertz imaging systems based on terajet generation by dielectric cube

et al. 2017

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The terahertz (THz, 0.1–10 THz) region has been attracting tremendous research interest owing to its potential in practical applications such as biomedical, material inspection, and nondestructive imaging. Those applications require enhancing the spatial resolution at a specific frequency of interest. A variety of resolution-enhancement techniques have been proposed, such as near-field scanning probes, surface plasmons, and aspheric lenses. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that a mesoscale dielectric cube can be exploited as a novel resolution enhancer by simply placing it at the focused imaging point of a continuous wave THz imaging system. The operating principle of this enhancer is based on the generation—by the dielectric cuboid—of the so-called terajet, a photonic jet in the THz region. A subwavelength hotspot is obtained by placing a Teflon cube, with a 1.46 refractive index, at the imaging point of the imaging system, regardless of the numerical aperture (NA). The generated terajet at 125 GHz is experimentally characterized, using our unique THz-wave visualization system. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the hotspot obtained by placing the enhancer at the focal point of a mirror with a measured NA of 0.55 is approximately 0.55λ, which is even better than the FWHM obtained by a conventional focusing device with the ideal maximum numerical aperture (NA = 1) in air. Nondestructive subwavelength-resolution imaging demonstrations of a Suica integrated circuit card, which is used as a common fare card for trains in Japan, and an aluminum plate with 0.63λ trenches are presented. The amplitude and phase images obtained with the enhancer at 125 GHz can clearly resolve both the air-trenches on the aluminum plate and the card’s inner electronic circuitry, whereas the images obtained without the enhancer are blurred because of insufficient resolution. An increase of the image contrast by a factor of 4.4 was also obtained using the enhancer.

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THz Medical Imaging: in vivo Hydration Sensing

Cited by 315 publications

References 130 publications

Terahertz transmission vs reflection imaging and model-based characterization for excised breast carcinomas

Terahertz transmission vs reflection imaging and model-based characterization for excised breast carcinomas

Ultra Low Noise CMOS Image Sensors

Enhancement of spatial resolution of terahertz imaging systems based on terajet generation by dielectric cube

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