Ti-GO-Ag nanocomposite: the effect of content level on the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity

Abstract

Surface modification of titanium (Ti) implants are extensively studied in order to obtain prominent biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, especially preventing implant-associated infection. In this study, Ti substrates surface were modified by graphene oxide (GO) thin film and silver (Ag) nanoparticles via electroplating and ultraviolet reduction methods so as to achieve this purpose. Microstructures, distribution, quantities and spectral peaks of GO and Ag loading on the Ti sheets surface were characterized. GO-Ag-Ti multiphase nanocomposite exhibited excellent antimicrobial ability and anti-adherence performance. Subsequently, morphology, membrane integrity, apoptosis and relative genes expression of bacteria incubated on the Ti samples surface were monitored to reveal the bactericidal mechanism. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of Ti substrates incorporating GO thin film and Ag nanoparticles were investigated. GO-Ag-Ti composite configuration that have outstanding antibacterial properties will provide the foundation to study bone integration in vitro and in vivo in the future.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

“…Serious medical problems associated with the introduction of implants to the human body are infections, which can lead to increased patients failure and mortality [68][69][70][71]. To solve this problem, the implant surface is modified by the formation of bioactive nanostructures (e.g., TiO 2 nanotubes, nanofibers) and/or their enrichment with metal nanoparticles (mainly silver and copper) [20,27,28,[72][73][74]. In our previous study it has been shown that TiO 2 nanotubes formed on titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), in particular the coatings obtained using low-potential anodic oxidation, possessed in vitro anti-biofilm activity tested on S. aureus model [25].…”

Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus of Titanium Surfaces Coated with Graphene Nanoplatelets to Prevent Peri-Implant Diseases. An In-Vitro Pilot Study

“…This makes difficult to compare current results with those reported in previous papers, although some generalizations can be made. The GNP production process represents a viable solution for large-scale development of anti-biofilm devices, being low-cost, highly scalable, non-toxic, and non-oxidizing [36,37], when compared to a dry transfer technique based on a hot-pressing method [20], chemical vapour deposition coupled with a wet technique transfer (using polymethyl methacrylate or PMMA) [43], electroplating and ultraviolet reduction methods [44], evaporation-assisted electrostatic assembly processes and a mussel-inspired one-pot assembly process [45], and cathodal electrophoretic deposition [46]. Furthermore, differences in antibacterial properties might depend on the specimens (Ti-disks with commercially available sand-blasted and acid-etched surfaces) and microbial species (S. aureus) used in the present study, which were different from commercial pure Ti-plates or solid titanium and microbial species, such as Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromanas gengivalis, and Escherichia coli, which have been used in other studies.…”

<p>Functionalized titanium implant in regulating bacteria and cell response</p>

“…Subsequently, specimens were modified by different GO concentration (20 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 80 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL) using a magnetic stirrer at 20 V. Ag nanoparticles were loaded via ultraviolet reduction method on Ti-GO surface according to the previous report. 33 Ti-GO specimen was soaked in AgNO 3 solution (1 mol/L) for 30 minutes at room temperature. Then it was rinsed gently with deionized water and irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 minutes.…”

“…In addition, the data of Ag element has published in our previous study. 33 As shown in Figure 3A, C and oxygen (O) elements of G20 were measured and analyzed. C 1 seconds and O 1 seconds were located to (284.546 eV, 286.073 eV, 286.921 eV, 288.584 eV, 290.437 eV) and (532.281 eV, 530.368 eV), respectively.…”

“…Material characterization, antibacterial activity and mechanism, and cell morphology and activity were investigated. Based on our previous study, 33 GO film and Ag nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto the pure Ti surface. Ag content was proportional to GO concentration.…”