Ti₃C₂T_x@nonwoven Fabric Composite: Promising MXene-Coated Fabric for Wearable Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors

Abstract

Although Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene/fabric composites have shown promise as flexible pressure sensors, the effects of MXene composition and structure on piezoresistive properties and the effects of the textile structure on sensitivity have not been systematically studied. Herein, impregnation at room temperature was used as a cost-effective and scalable method to prepare composite materials using different fabrics [plain-woven fabric, twill-woven fabric, weft plain-knitted fabric, jersey cross-tuck fabric, and nonwoven fabric (NWF)] and MXene nanosheets (Ti 3 C 2 T x , Ti 2 CT x , Ti 3 CNT x , Mo 2 CT x , Nb 2 CT x , and Mo 2 TiC 2 T x ). The MXene nanosheets adhered to the fabric surface through hydrogen bonding, resulting in a conductive network structure. The Ti 3 C 2 T x @NWF composite was found to be the optimal flexible pressure sensor, demonstrating high sensitivity (6.31 kPa −1 ), a wide sensing range (up to 150 kPa), fast response/recovery times (300 ms/260 ms), and excellent durability (2000 cycles). Furthermore, the sensor was successfully used to monitor full-scale human motion, including pulse, and a 4 × 4 pixel flexible sensor array was shown to accurately locate pressure and recognize the pressure magnitude. These findings provide a basis for the rational design of MXene/textile composites as wearable pressure sensors for medical diagnosis, human−computer interactions, and electronic skin applications.

Flat Silk Cocoon Pressure Sensor Based on a Sea Urchin-like Microstructure for Intelligent Sensing

“…Since the HMSFPs are conductive, their contact forms connected a circuit to result in the R HMSFP‑FSC being further reduced. All of this increased contact areas under the pressure provide a more conductive path for electron transport, which reduces the total resistance in the circuit, that is, the current increases. − After the pressure is removed, the sensor returns to the original dispersed status, and the resistance in the entire circuit also increases to the initial value. This change in the circuit will be detected and identified using the circuit sensing device so as to achieve the purpose of converting the mechanical signal into an electrical signal.…”

Review of MXene Nanosheet Composites for Flexible Pressure Sensors

“…(c) Performance comparison of different types of MXene composites. Reproduced with permission from ref . Copyright 2022 American Chemical Society.…”

“…The influence of fabric structure and MXene type on sensing performance has also been studied. Yu et al 139 compared different fabric structures and ultimately selected nonwovens as fabric substrates for their experiment. Figure 11c compares the properties of six types of MXene/nonwoven fabrics and shows that immobilized Ti 3 C 2 T x @nonwoven fabric in a fabricated flexible pressure sensor exhibits the best performance.…”

A general strategy to immobilize metal nanoparticles on MXene composite fabrics for enhanced sensing performance and endowed multifunctionality

“…According to our previous work, NWFs are superior to other textile substrates for designing high-performance MXene/ textile-based piezoresistive sensors owing to their crisscross structure. 45 A commercially obtained NWF consisting of numerous randomly intertwined fibers with micrometer widths was used as a flexible substrate for depositing MXene nanosheets (Fig. S10a-c, ESI †).…”