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Abstract

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High Performance N‐Doped Carbon Electrodes Obtained via Hydrothermal Carbonization of Macroalgae for Supercapacitor Applications

“…The high-resolution O1s spectra in Figure S4b, c, d can be deconvoluted into three peaks at around 531.8, 532.5, and 533.3 eV, assigned to C=O, CÀO, and CÀOH groups, respectively. [23,32] As it can be seen from Table 1, O and N content decreased with increasing of activation temperature. The highest N content corresponded to AHC-600, of about 2.9 at.% (Table 1), lower than that found in the sample prepared via direct carbonization with N content of 4.22 at %, [32] indicating that activation step partially consumed N-groups in precursors.…”

“…[3,5] All the AHC-y based supercapacitors presented tilt straight lines in low-frequency region, implying a collaborative nature of electric double layer capacitor and pseudo-capacitor. [32,45] AHC-700 and AHC-800 showed nearly no semicircle, in comparison to AHC-600 that presented almost a complete semicircle. This can be partially understood if we suppose that AHC-700 and AHC-800 mainly contain double layer capacities, while AHC-600 has partial pseudo-capacities, due to its higher N-species in composition, in agreement with the CV data.…”

“…High resolution C1s XPS spectra were very similar for all AHC-y. They exhibited four peaks at around 284.6, 285.2, 286.2, and 288.4 eV, attributed to C=C, CÀN, C=N/ C=O, and O-C=O functional groups, respectively [32,43] (Figure S4a). The high-resolution O1s spectra in Figure S4b, c, d can be deconvoluted into three peaks at around 531.8, 532.5, and 533.3 eV, assigned to C=O, CÀO, and CÀOH groups, respectively.…”

“…We reported N-doped hierarchical carbons from direct carbonization of EP algae with surface area of 422 m 2 /g. [30] Lately, several studies have also reported EPbased carbons with surface areas up to 3330 m 2 /g obtained through conventional carbonization, followed by KOH chemical activation for electrochemical storage applications, [3,[32][33][34][35][36] confirming that EP would be a good choice as raw material for Ndoped carbons. Very recently, Wang et al [37] reported EP-based carbons from the one-step KOH activation method as electrodes for sodium-ion capacitors, exhibiting high-energy density of~84 Wh/kg.…”

“…This has led to a large-scale of EP gathered off the coasts of China every year. [30][31][32][33] The conversion of EP into functional carbons that can be used as electrode materials in supercapacitors constitutes a convenient choice that could help solve this environmental problem. We reported N-doped hierarchical carbons from direct carbonization of EP algae with surface area of 422 m 2 /g.…”