Tick‐induced allergies: mammalian meat allergy and tick anaphylaxis

Nunen, Sheryl van

doi:10.5694/mja17.00591

Cited by 54 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The condition, termed "alpha-gal syndrome" (AGS), is incited by exposure to gal through tick bites, even in patients who previously tolerated exposure to gal through red meat consumption. Although the Lone Star tick is the culprit in the United States, bites from certain other tick species around the world cause a similar hypersensitivity to gal [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] .…”

Section: Prevalence Of Ige Anti-gal Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alpha-gal syndrome: Implications for cardiovascular disease

Bianchi¹,

Walters²,

Fitch

et al. 2020

gcsp

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Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) refers to a potentially life-threatening allergy to the molecule galactose-α1,3galactose (gal), which is expressed on most mammalian tissues but, importantly, is not expressed by humans. This syndrome can manifest as an allergic reaction to mammalian meat products, but other sources of mammalian tissue can also provoke an immune response, including injectable and implantable medical products. This syndrome has been linked to coronary atherosclerosis, and medical products that express gal are routinely used in cardiology and cardiac surgery. This article seeks to discuss potential implications of alpha syndrome as it relates to cardiovascular health and to heighten awareness in the cardiovascular community about this emerging public health issue. Prevalence of galactose-α1,3-galactoseMost mammalian species (including New World monkeys, cows, pigs, goats, horses, sheep, rabbits and mice) express the galactose-α1,3-galactose (gal) disaccharide sugar on cells and tissue surfaces 1-4 . Gal expression results from the catalytic activity of the α1,3-galactosyltransferase enzyme encoded by the glycoprotein α1,3galactosyltransferase gene (GGTA1) 1-3, 5 . Certain mammalian species, such as catarrhines (humans, apes, and Old World monkeys), do not have a functional GGTA1 gene 6-8 and correspondingly do not express gal 1, 3, 4 . Additionally, gal has been documented to be absent in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds 3,9,10 . The function of gal is unknown 3 , but it is clearly not essential for survival 1, 3 .

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Section: Prevalence Of Ige Anti-gal Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Others 25 concur and have identified case studies that highlight different classes of medicinal products that "may prove risky in people who are gal sensitized [allergen positive]" 25 . These include:…”

Section: Clinical Implications Of Gal In Human Therapeutic Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-gal syndrome: Implications for cardiovascular disease

Bianchi¹,

Walters²,

Fitch

et al. 2020

gcsp

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“…Cases of anorexia nervosa, bulimia and excessive weight gain have been reported [10,95,96,97]. In some cases, tick saliva has resulted in food allergies and intolerances [98].…”

Section: Developmental Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychiatric Borreliosis/Tick-Borne Disease: An Overview

Bransfield¹

2018

Preprint

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There is increasing evidence and recognition that Lyme borreliosis, and other associated tick-borne diseases (LB/TBD) cause mental symptoms. Data was drawn from databases, search engines and clinical experience to review current information on LB/TBD. LB/TBD infections cause immune and metabolic effects that result in a gradually developing spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, usually presenting with significant comorbidity and may include developmental disorders, autism spectrum disorders, schizoaffective disorders, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety disorders (panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, intrusive symptoms), eating disorders, decreased libido, sleep disorders, addiction, opioid addiction, cognitive impairments, dementia, seizure disorders, suicide, violence, anhedonia, depersonalization, dissociative episodes, derealization and other impairments. Screening assessment followed by a comprehensive psychiatric clinical exam relevant to patient’s complaints and findings with a thorough history, mental status exam, review of systems, neurological exam, physical exam, a knowledgeable interpretation of laboratory findings, pattern recognition and clinical judgment facilitate diagnosis. Psychotropics and antibiotics may help improve functioning and prevent further disease progression. Awareness of the association between LB/TBD and neuropsychiatric impairments and studies of their prevalence in neuropsychiatric conditions can improve understanding of the causes of mental illness and violence and result in more effective prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

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“…possibility that pathogenic antigens may overlap between tick anaphylaxis and alphagal syndrome. 5 Nevertheless, the tick-derived, IgE-reactive proteins from tick anaphylaxis patients having no history of red meat allergy did not necessarily include alphagal. 6 Indeed, the severity of clinical manifestations in this study did not correlate with the presence of anti-alphagal IgE antibody, suggesting that other antigens responsible for tick anaphylaxis may exist.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%