Tiered testing of micro- and nanoplastics using intestinal in vitro models to support hazard assessments

Long-term exposure to nanoplastics alters molecular and functional traits related to the carcinogenic process

“…An alternative way to evaluate the effects on stem cells is the use of mini-organoid cultures obtained from various types of stem cells. Such ex vivo models are promising tools for a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in in vitro toxicities (Bredeck et al, 2022). Interestingly, a very recent study has evaluated the effects of PSMPLs on liver organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells, as an alternative model to the human liver.…”

Foodborne pathogens in the plastisphere: Can microplastics in the food chain threaten microbial food safety?

“…Many pathogens have developed highly specialized tools to evade this host-protective environment. Therefore, although the transport routes of MPs are well characterized and considered to be limited to paracellular transport and transcytosis (Bredeck et al, 2022), the combination with live and even dead biofilms may increase their bioavailability and worsen their overall health impact. As recapitulated in Fig.…”

“…Transcytosis of particles (0.1-10 μm) from small intestinal epithelium to the lymphoid tissue takes place there, but most MPs are usually too large to undergo this route of uptake (Bredeck et al, 2022). However, MPs can possibly trigger an immune response, together with the adhered microbial community and their toxins (Campanale et al, 2020).…”

Nano-Hybrid Au@LCCs Systems Displaying Anti-Inflammatory Activity

“…Monocultures based on the Caco-2 cell line are one of the main models used for in vitro nanotoxicity assessments [ 84 ]; in fact, differentiated Caco-2 cells are morphologically similar to enterocytes of the small intestine, since they polarise, form a brush border, and show functional TJ. This is of particular importance since NMs safety needs to be assessed by aligning nanotoxicology studies to the 3Rs principles (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement of animal testing) [ 85 ].…”