Tiger Nut (Cyperus esculentus L.): Nutrition, Processing, Function and Applications

Abstract

The tiger nut is the tuber of Cyperus esculentus L., which is a high-quality wholesome crop that contains lipids, protein, starch, fiber, vitamins, minerals and bioactive factors. This article systematically reviewed the nutritional composition of tiger nuts; the processing methods for extracting oil, starch and other edible components; the physiochemical and functional characteristics; as well as their applications in food industry. Different extraction methods can affect functional and nutritional properties to a certain extent. At present, mechanical compression, alkaline methods and alkali extraction–acid precipitation are the most suitable methods for the production of its oil, starch and protein in the food industry, respectively. Based on traditional extraction methods, combination of innovative techniques aimed at yield and physiochemical characteristics is essential for the comprehensive utilization of nutrients. In addition, tiger nut has the radical scavenging ability, in vitro inhibition of lipid peroxidation, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects and displays medical properties. It has been made to milk, snacks, beverages and gluten-free bread. Despite their ancient use for food and feed and the many years of intense research, tiger nuts and their components still deserve further exploitation on the functional properties, modifications and intensive processing to make them suitable for industrial production.

The Potential Neuroprotective Effect of Cyperus esculentus L. Extract in Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Extensive Biological and Metabolomics Approaches

“…Studies have shown that the tubers are rich in sodium, phosphorus and calcium and show low levels of manganese, zinc, magnesium, copper and iron mineral contents [ 14 ]. They also contain vitamins A, C and E, together with several essential amino acids [ 15 ]. Further, TN oil is rich in oleic acid, palmitic and linoleic acids [ 16 ], which possibly mediate for its biological potential.…”

“…These phytochemicals may be responsible for the various biological activities reported on tiger nuts, whether in folk uses or in different studies. The tubers are known to be used as diuretics, tonics, stimulants, emmenagogues and aphrodisiacs [ 15 ]. They are used to treat indigestion, flatulence, dysentery and diarrhea [ 20 ].…”

Fabrication of benzoyl chloride treated tiger-nut fiber reinforced insect repellent hybrid composite

“…Tiger nut has been reported to contain high fibre, with lots of other natural nutrients. It is processed as a juice drink in Africa, especially in Nigeria, with scant scientific attraction 1 , 2 . The chaff is usually treated as waste, but in some instances people use it to feed domestic animals.…”

RNA-Seq Analysis Demonstrates Different Strategies Employed by Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus L.) in Response to Drought Stress

“…Since the tiger nut is an ideal foodstuff for children and seniors [ 9 ], it has become a crop of immense interest. Although tiger nuts are widely cultivated, there is limited research data on its biology [ 10 ]. Abiotic stress is one of the most important factors that may affect tiger nut yield [ 8 ].…”