Tilianin: A Potential Natural Lead Molecule for New Drug Design and Development for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders

Abstract

Cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) are the leading risk factor for death worldwide, and research into the processes and treatment regimens has received a lot of attention. Tilianin is a flavonoid glycoside that can be found in a wide range of medicinal plants and is most commonly obtained from Dracocephalum moldavica. Due to its extensive range of biological actions, it has become a well-known molecule in recent years. In particular, numerous studies have shown that tilianin has cardioprotective properties against CVDs. Hence, this review summarises tilianin’s preclinical research in CVDs, as well as its mechanism of action and opportunities in future drug development. The physicochemical and drug-likeness properties, as well as the toxicity profile, were also highlighted. Tilianin can be a natural lead molecule in the therapy of CVDs such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hypertension, and myocardial ischemia, according to scientific evidence. Free radical scavenging, inflammation control, mitochondrial function regulation, and related signalling pathways are all thought to play a role in tilianin’s cardioprotective actions. Finally, we discuss tilianin-derived compounds, as well as the limitations and opportunities of using tilianin as a lead molecule in drug development for CVDs. Overall, the scientific evidence presented in this review supports that tilianin and its derivatives could be used as a lead molecule in CVD drug development initiatives.

Treatment of Hypertension by Using Natural Herbs and their Mechanism of Action

“…Despite giving shelter and food, it is also a good source of medication and has been accustomed to healing abilities and pain-relieving. Even today, people depend heavily on the healing potential of plants in semiurban and rural areas (Khattulanuar et al, 2022). According to the WHO (World Health Organization), approximately three-quarters of the world's population is dependent on traditional medicines for health care.…”

“…Various chemical compounds have enhanced body water loss a nd smooth muscle relaxation (Kolodziejczyk-Czepas et al, 2021). All these results may be beneficial in reducing BP.…”

Evaluation of the Cytotoxic, Antioxidative and Antimicrobial Effects of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Cultivars

“…Essential oils found in the vegetal medicinal product have a citruslike flavor and are rich in oxygenated acyclic monoterpenes, such as geranial, neral, and geranyl acetate [ 1 , 2 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]; however, the species is also known for its polyphenolic composition, among which phenolic acids (rosmarinic and caffeic acids) and flavonoids (apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol) are the main compounds [ 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Among flavonoids, tilianin is an interesting glycoside with important biological properties that was firstly isolated from this species [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Both classes of compounds are correlated to the biological activities of the species, such as its antioxidant [ 1 , 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], antimicrobial [ 1 , 18 , 21 , 22 ], and cardioprotective [ 15 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] effects, which are the most studied ones, together with its anti-inflammatory [ 28 , 29 ], neuroprotective [ 16 , 30 ], sedative [ 31 ], cytotoxic [ 14 , 32 ], and antidepressant [ 33 ] effects, which are lesser known.…”

“…Among flavonoids, tilianin is an interesting glycoside with important biological properties that was firstly isolated from this species [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]. Both classes of compounds are correlated to the biological activities of the species, such as its antioxidant [ 1 , 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], antimicrobial [ 1 , 18 , 21 , 22 ], and cardioprotective [ 15 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] effects, which are the most studied ones, together with its anti-inflammatory [ 28 , 29 ], neuroprotective [ 16 , 30 ], sedative [ 31 ], cytotoxic [ 14 , 32 ], and antidepressant [ 33 ] effects, which are lesser known. The antimicrobial potential of the species was attributed to its essential oils, linked to its antioxidant capacity and demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Salmonella Typhimurium , and Listeria monocytogenes [ 1 , 18 ].…”

Antioxidant and antibacterial response of hydroalcoholic extract of Plumeria alba leaves

“…Plants are effective natural source for traditional medicines and modern medicines [1][2][3][4][5] . Plants are widely used in the treatment of various infectious, cellular and metabolic diseases [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Today the natural antibaceterial and antioxidant from plant source which is safe, effective and economic to replace the synthetic agents is a priority during disease treatment.…”