Tillage Effects on Nitrogen Dynamics and Grass Seed Crop Production in Western Oregon, USA

Nelson, Malik; Griffith, Stephen M.; Steiner, J. J.

doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0248

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…3). Elevated NO 3 concentrations after fall wet‐up were most likely due to the movement of mineralized and nitrified N that accumulated in the soil over the warm, dry summer (Nelson et al, 2006). Higher C horizon soil water NO 3 reflected movement of NO 3 below the root zone and the reduced biological activity of subsoils (Böhlke and Denver, 1995).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since clover establishment was poor until late spring 1999, plant N uptake would have been negligible during fall and winter, resulting in greater N loss to soil water. Therefore, higher NO 3 concentrations in water year 1998–1999 were likely due to a greater supply of NO 3 than demand for it (Nelson et al, 2006). A greater load of NO 3 from the cropping system to the riparian area in 1998–1999 did not increase NO 3 concentrations within the riparian soil indicating that the riparian area was capable of processing increased NO 3 loads.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of Shallow Groundwater Nitrate in a Poorly Drained Riparian Area and Adjacent Cropland

Davis¹,

Griffith²,

Horwáth

et al. 2007

J of Env Quality

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Riparian ecosystems, through their unique position in the agricultural landscape and ability to influence nutrient cycles, can potentially reduce NO3 loading to surface and ground waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the fate of NO3 in shallow groundwater moving along a lateral flowpath from a grass seed cropping system through an undisturbed mixed‐species herbaceous riparian area. Soil A (30–45 cm) and C horizon (135–150 cm) NO3, dissolved oxygen, and nitrous oxide concentrations were significantly higher in the cropping system than the adjacent riparian area. Nitrate concentrations in both horizons of the riparian soil were consistently at or below 0.05 mg N L−1 while cropping system concentrations ranged from 1 to 12 mg N L−1 Chloride data suggested that NO3 dilution occurred from recharge by precipitation. However, a sharp decrease in NO3/Cl ratios as water moved into the riparian area indicated that additional dilution of NO3 concentrations was unlikely. Riparian area A horizon soil water had higher dissolved organic carbon than the cropping system and when the riparian soil became saturated, available electron acceptors (O2, NO3) were rapidly reduced. Dissolved inorganic carbon was significantly higher in the riparian area than the cropping system for both horizons indicating high biological activity. Carbon limitation in the cropping system may have led to microbial respiration using primarily O2 and to a lesser degree NO3 Within 6 m of the riparian/cropping system transition, NO3 was virtually undetectable.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Shallow Groundwater Nitrate in a Poorly Drained Riparian Area and Adjacent Cropland

Davis¹,

Griffith²,

Horwáth

et al. 2007

J of Env Quality

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3) at all depths but was only signifi cant in the top depth (Table 3). This increase was most likely due to the accumulation of mineralized N (Nelson et al, 2006) and/or NH 4 + produced from DNRA. Soil NO 3 − concentrations ( Fig.…”

Section: Soil Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Denitrification and Nitrate Consumption in an Herbaceous Riparian Area and Perennial Ryegrass Seed Cropping System

Davis

Griffith

Horwáth

et al. 2008

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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“…Crop N uptake was lowest in the fall and highest when soil N was elevated in the spring. Tillage enhanced annual total net N mineralization at the better‐drained location growing creeping red fescue for seed resulting in potentially greater leachable nitrate during the following winter high precipitation months (November–February) when the crop's demand for N is low due to slow growth and suboptimal temperatures (Nelson et al, 2006). Tillage had little effect on net N mineralization at the poorly drained site at Linn County, Oregon.…”

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confidence: 99%

Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation and Straw Residue Effects on Soil Quality

et al. 2011

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Understanding the impact of crop rotation and residue management in grass seed production systems on soil quality and, in particular soil C dynamics, is critical in making long-term soil management decisions supporting farm sustainability. Th e eff ects of a 6-yr rotation and residue management (high vs. low residue) on soil quality were investigated at three locations in Oregon, each contrasting in soil drainage classifi cation. Th e crop rotations were continuous perennial grass seed production, grass/legume seed production, and grass/legume/cereal seed production. Th e grass species grown at each location were diff erent and represented those most commonly produced in each environment; perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tall fescue [Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub], and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.). All three grass seed crop rotations and residue methods maintained high soil quality in conventional or direct seeded soils, but under some situations, soil quality was higher with continuous grass rotation and high residue. Data suggest that straw removal for value-added use, like bioenergy production, can be accomplished in the Pacifi c Northwest Marine climate without appreciably aff ecting soil quality. Furthermore, grass seed cropping systems play an important role in soil C storage and enhancement, a valuable ecosystem service in this region where grass seed is produced on land that is not suitable for production of conventional crops that require better-drained soil. We conclude that by nature perennial grass seed crops promote high soil fertility and enriched soil C pools and consequently contribute to the tolerance of these systems to the use of less conservation-oriented crop management methods at times when crop loss could be potentially high. Th is attribute provides producers greater latitude in selecting soil and crop management options to address issues of soil fertility, pest, weed, or seed certifi cation to minimize economic crop yield losses. Perennial ryegrass-Linn CountyGrass (G P ): perennial ryegrass (3 yr/3 yr); CT Grass/Legume (GL P ): white clover (2 yr)/meadowfoam (1 yr)/perennial ryegrass (3 yr); CT Grass/Legume/Cereal (GLC P ): white clover (2yrs)/perennial ryegrass (3 yr)/wheat (1 yr); CT Tall fescue-Benton County Grass (G T ): tall fescue (3 yr/3yrs); CT Grass/Legume (GL T ): red clover (2 yr)/meadowfoam m(1 yr)/tall fescue (3 yr); CT Grass/Legume/Cereal (GLC T ): tall fescue (3 yr)/red clover (2 yr)/wheat (1 yr); CT Creeping red fescue-Marion County Grass (G F ): creeping red fescue (3 yr)/creeping red fescue (3 yr); DS Grass/Legume (GL F ): creeping red fescue (2 yr)/creeping red fescue (3yrs)/red clover (1 yr); DS Grass/Legume/Cereal (GLC F ): fi ne fescue (3 yr)/wheat/red clover (2 yr)/fi ne fescue (1 yr); DS

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Tillage Effects on Nitrogen Dynamics and Grass Seed Crop Production in Western Oregon, USA

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Mitigation of Shallow Groundwater Nitrate in a Poorly Drained Riparian Area and Adjacent Cropland

Mitigation of Shallow Groundwater Nitrate in a Poorly Drained Riparian Area and Adjacent Cropland

Denitrification and Nitrate Consumption in an Herbaceous Riparian Area and Perennial Ryegrass Seed Cropping System

Western Oregon Grass Seed Crop Rotation and Straw Residue Effects on Soil Quality

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