Tillage Effects on Soil Temperature, Shoot Dry Matter Accumulation and Corn Grain Yield

Dwyer, L. M.; L., B.; Hayhoe, H. N.; Culley, J. L. B.

doi:10.1300/j064v05n01_07

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The impact of rainfall events under no-till management is somewhat reduced due to residue interception of rainfall, particularly with infrequent and low amount rainfall events. Higher R eco at the conventional tillage site after each seeding event was attributed to the enhanced R h under the warmer and tilled soil conditions, which was also observed in other studies (Dwyer et al, 1995(Dwyer et al, , 1996Ben Moussa-Machraoui et al, 2010;Derpsch et al, 2010;Aziz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Tillage Practice Effects On Annual Cropping Areasupporting

confidence: 84%

Carbon and Water Budgets in Multiple Wheat-Based Cropping Systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest US: Comparison of CropSyst Simulations with Eddy Covariance Measurements

et al. 2017

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Accurate carbon and water flux simulations for croplands are greatly dependent on high quality representation of management practices and meteorological conditions, which are key drivers of the surface-atmosphere exchange processes. Fourteen site-years of carbon and water fluxes were simulated using the CropSyst model over four agricultural sites in the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW) US from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2015. Model performance for field-scale net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) and evapotranspiration (ET) was evaluated by comparing simulations with long-term eddy covariance measurements. The model captured the temporal variations of NEE and ET reasonably well with an overall r of 0.78 and 0.80, and a low RMSE of 1.82 g C m −2 d −1 and 0.84 mm d −1 for NEE and ET, respectively. The model slightly underestimated NEE and ET by 0.51 g C m −2 d −1 and 0.09 mm d −1 , respectively. ET simulations showed better agreement with eddy covariance measurements than NEE. The model performed much better for the sites with detailed initial conditions (e.g., SOC content) and management practice information (e.g., tillage type). The CropSyst results showed that the winter wheat fields could be annual net carbon sinks or close to neutral with the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) ranging from 92 to −17 g C m −2 , while the spring crop fields were net carbon sources or neutral with an annual NECB of −327 to −3 g C m −2 . Simulations for the paired tillage sites showed that the no-till site resulted in lower CO 2 emissions for the crop rotations of winter wheat-spring garbanzo, but had higher carbon loss into the atmosphere for spring canola compared to the conventional tillage site. Water budgets did not differ significantly between the two tillage systems. Winter wheat in the high-rainfall area had higher crop yields and water use efficiency but emitted larger amounts of CO 2 into the atmosphere than in the low-rainfall area. Based Chi et al.Agricultural Carbon and Water Budgets on model evaluations in this study, CropSyst appears promising as a tool to simulate field-scale carbon and water budgets and assess the effects of different management practices and local meteorological conditions for the wheat-based cropping systems in this region.

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Section: Tillage Practice Effects On Annual Cropping Areasupporting

confidence: 84%

Carbon and Water Budgets in Multiple Wheat-Based Cropping Systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest US: Comparison of CropSyst Simulations with Eddy Covariance Measurements

et al. 2017

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“…maggots to canola was greater with zero tillage than with conventional tillage and this is probably a result of the microclimatic differences between the two regimes. In zerotillage systems, temperature reductions occur at or near the soil surface early in the growing season, due primarily to the accumulation of organic residues from the previous crop (Kaspar et al 1990;Dwyer et al 1995). Zero-till systems are also characterized by higher soil moisture levels than occur in conventional systems (Lafond et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage regime, row spacing, and seeding rate influence infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola

Dosdall¹,

Florence²,

Conway³

et al. 1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Dosdall, L. M., Florence, L. Z., Conway, P. M. and Cowle, N. T. 1998. Tillage regime, row spacing, and seeding rate influence infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 671-681. Infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) were assessed in Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L. grown under conventional and zero tillage regimes, at three row spacings (10, 20 and 30 cm) and three seeding rates (5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 kg ha -1 or 120, 180 and 240 plants m -2 ). The studies were conducted during two growing seasons (1995 and 1996) at each of two sites in central Alberta. Root maggot infestations were assessed by determining the numbers of eggs laid per plant during the growing season and by larval feeding damage to canola taproots assessed at the end of the season. Seed yields of the treatment plots also were determined. Plants of B. rapa were significantly more susceptible to root maggot infestations than were plants of B. napus. Root maggot egg populations and root damage were generally greater with zero tillage than with conventional tillage. Plants grown at higher seeding rates (7.5 and 10.0 kg ha -1 ) usually had less root damage than plants grown at the lowest (5.0 kg ha -1 ) seeding rate, and canola grown at wider row spacings (20 and 30 cm) had less root damage and higher yields than canola grown at the narrowest spacing (10 cm). Response surface regression analyses determined that deposition of fewest root maggot eggs per plant, least root damage and maximum yields occurred at seeding rates ranging from 7 to 11 kg ha -1 and at row spacings ranging from 17 to 25 cm. Even though canola grown in zero tillage had greater root maggot infestations than canola grown in conventional tillage, higher yields still occurred with zero tillage. Zero tillage is therefore an appropriate agronomic practice in areas infested by high populations of root maggots. Sowing B. napus rather than B. rapa, increasing seeding rates and widening row spacings are also appropriate cultural control practices for reducing crop damage from these pests. Les analyses de régression de la surface de réponse ont servi à déter-miner que les pontes de la mouche les moins abondantes par plantes, les endommagements racinaires les plus bénins et les rendements maximums survenaient à une densité de semis allant de 7 à 11 kg ha -1 et à des largeurs de l'interligne se situant entre 17 et 25 cm. Même si le semis direct donnait lieu à des infestations plus graves que le travail classique, il gardait encore l'avantage sur ce dernier sur le plan du rendement. Il demeure donc une pratique agronomique convenable dans les zones de fortes infestations par la mouche des crucifères. L'utilisation de B. napus plutôt que de B. rapa, l'accroissement de la densité de semis et l'élargissement de l'interligne sont d'autres bonnes techniques culturales de prévention des dégâts causés par ce ravageur.

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“…Agricultural management practices may have a greater impact on root growth and soil C storage than rising atmospheric CO 2 (Canadell et al, 1996b;Paustian et al, 1996) because tillage systems influence soil temperature (Dwyer et al, 1995), mechanical resistance (Cox et al, 1990), macropore continuity (Roseberg and McCoy, 1992), and available soil water (Cox et al, 1990) through the effects on rooting depth and root distribution with depth. Rooting depth varies with season, soil texture, and tillage, and increased rooting depth is associated with increased tillage and decreased soil moisture in surface soil layers (Dwyer et al, 1996).…”

Section: Root Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Plant Root Growth under Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

2013

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Plant growth is influenced by above‐ and belowground environmental conditions and increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations enhances growth and yield of most agricultural crops. This review covers current knowledge on the impact of increasing CO2 concentration on root dynamics of plants in terms of growth, root/shoot (R/S) ratio, root biomass, root length, root longevity, root mortality, root distribution, root branching, root quality, and the response of these root parameters to management practices including soil water and nutrients. The effects of CO2 concentration on R/S ratio are contradictory due to complexity in accurate underground biomass estimation under diverse crops and conditions. Roots become more numerous, longer, thicker, and faster growing in crops exposed to high CO2 with increased root length in many plant species. Branching and extension of roots under elevated CO2 may lead to altered root architecture and ability of roots to acquire water and nutrients from the soil profile with exploration of the soil volume. Root turnover is important to the global C budget as well as to nutrient cycling in ecosystems and individual plants. Agricultural management practices have a greater impact on root growth than rising atmospheric CO2 since management practices influence soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, consequently affects root growth dynamics in the belowground. Less understood are the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and management practices including drought on root dynamics, fine‐root production, and water‐nutrient use efficiency, and the contribution of these processes to plant growth in water and nutrients limited environments.

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Tillage Effects on Soil Temperature, Shoot Dry Matter Accumulation and Corn Grain Yield

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Carbon and Water Budgets in Multiple Wheat-Based Cropping Systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest US: Comparison of CropSyst Simulations with Eddy Covariance Measurements

Carbon and Water Budgets in Multiple Wheat-Based Cropping Systems in the Inland Pacific Northwest US: Comparison of CropSyst Simulations with Eddy Covariance Measurements

Tillage regime, row spacing, and seeding rate influence infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola

Dynamics of Plant Root Growth under Increased Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

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