Tillage system affects fertilizer-induced nitrous oxide emissions

Krauss, Maike; Krause, Hans Martin; Spangler, Simone; Kandeler, Ellen; Behrens, Sebastian; Kappler, Andreas; Mäder, Paul; Gattinger, Andreas

doi:10.1007/s00374-016-1152-2

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 57 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…SMN was found to be very low under grass-clover leys (Table S1, Watson et al, 1993;Nadeem et al, 2012;Brozyna et al, 2013;Frøseth et al, 2014;Krauss et al, 2017b), as grasses quickly take up soil NO 3 in the root zone (Brophy et al, 1987). Frøseth et al (2014 observed low levels of SMN in a 1-year grass-clover ley, irrespective of whether the herbage was mulched or removed.…”

Section: Soil N-dynamics Within Organic Arable Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The selection of these variables was based on the expected impact on N 2 O emissions (Sect. 4.1) and the data that we were able to obtain from the following studies: Ball et al (2007), Chirinda et al (2010), Nadeem et al (2012, Brozyna et al (2013), Li et al (2015a), Baral et al (2017), Krauss et al (2017b), andPugesgaard et al (2017). The N 2 O flux data were log-transformed to achieve near normality and variance homogeneity: ln (daily N 2 O flux +2), where the daily N 2 O flux = g N 2 O-N ha −1 d −1 is the highest N 2 O flux rate during the actual measurement period (Table S2, highest daily flux rate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nonorganic cropping systems, peak fluxes of N 2 O are commonly observed shortly after fertilisation with mineral fertilisers in moist soil , whereas in organic crop rotations the highest fluxes are often observed after the incorporation of plant residues (e.g. Pappa et al, 2011;Nadeem et al, 2012;Brozyna et al, 2013;Krauss et al, 2017b;Skinner et al, 2019). Because of the enhanced content of SOM and thus the larger impact of background emissions of N 2 O in organic versus non-organic cropping systems (Skinner et al, 2014), increased background emissions are likely to have a major impact in organic-crop rotations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching from organic arable crop rotations

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and leaching of nitrate (NO 3 ) from agricultural cropping systems have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production on average, they are roughly similar per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being environmentally friendly, these loadings must be addressed. We discuss the impact of possible drivers of N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching within organic arable farming practice under European climatic conditions, and potential strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations are generally diverse with the frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic fertilisers. The soil organic matter content and the share of active organic matter, soil structure, microbial and faunal activity are higher in such diverse rotations, and the yields are lower, than in non-organic arable cropping systems based on less diverse systems and inorganic fertilisers. Soil mineral nitrogen (SMN), N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching are low under growing crops, but there is the potential for SMN accumulation and losses after crop termination, harvest or senescence. The risk of high N 2 O fluxes increases when large amounts of herbage or organic fertilisers with readily available nitrogen (N) and degradable carbon are incorporated into the soil or left on the surface. Freezing/thawing, drying/rewetting, compacted and/or wet soil and mechanical mixing of crop residues into the soil further enhance the risk of high N 2 O fluxes. N derived from soil organic matter (background emissions) does, however, seem to be the most important driver for N 2 O emission from organic arable crop rotations, and the correlation between yearly total Ninput and N 2 O emissions is weak. Incorporation of N-rich plant residues or mechanical weeding followed by bare fallow conditions increases the risk of NO 3 leaching. In contrast, strategic use of deep-rooted crops with long growing seasons or effective cover crops in the rotation reduces NO 3 leaching risk. Enhanced recycling of herbage from green manures, crop residues and cover crops through biogas or com-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2796 S. Hansen et al.: Review of N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching from organic arable rotations posting may increase N efficiency and reduce N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching. Mixtures of legumes (e.g. clover or vetch)and non-legumes (e.g. grasses or Brassica species) are as efficient cover crops for reducing NO 3 leaching as monocultures of non-legume species. Continued regular use of cover crops has the potential to reduce NO 3 leaching and enhance soil organic matter but may enhance N 2 O emissions. There is a need to optimise the use of crops and cover crops to enhance the synchrony of mineralisation with crop N uptake to enhance crop productivity, and this will concurrently reduce the long-term risks of NO 3 leaching and N 2 O emissions.

show abstract

Section: Soil N-dynamics Within Organic Arable Cropping Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching from organic arable crop rotations

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…N fertilizer application (ammonium and nitrate fertilizers) has been recognized as another important factor influencing N 2 O emissions from arable soils (Zhu et al 2013a;Rosa et al 2016;Zhang et al 2016;Krauss et al 2017) because it provides substrates for driving soil nitrification and denitrification processes. Application of ammonium fertilizer can produce N 2 O by nitrification, be converted to NO 3 − , while NO 3 − in soils can produce N 2 O by denitrification (Del Prado et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of soil nitrous oxide production and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities to nitrogen and water amendment

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Soil moisture and nitrogen (N) are two important factors influencing N 2 O emissions and the growth of microorganisms. Here, we carried out a microcosm experiment to evaluate effects of soil moisture level and N fertilizer type on N 2 O emissions and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities in the two typical arable soils. The abundances and community composition of functional microbes involved in nitrification and denitrification were determined via quantitative PCR (qPCR) and terminal restriction length fragment polymorphism (T-RFLP), respectively. Results showed that N 2 O production was higher at 90% water-filled pore (WFPS) than at 50% WFPS. The N 2 O emissions in the two soils amended with ammonium were higher than those amended with nitrate, especially at relatively high moisture level. In both soils, increased soil moisture stimulated the growth of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite reducer (nirK). Ammonium fertilizer treatment increased the population size of AOB and nirK genes in the alluvial soil, while reduced the abundances of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and denitrifiers (nirK and nosZ) in the red soil. Nitrate addition had a negative effect on AOA abundance in the red soil. Total N 2 O emissions were positively correlated to AOB abundance, but not to other functional genes in the two soils. Changed soil moisture significantly affected AOA rather than AOB community composition in both soils. The way and extent of N fertilizers impacted on nitrifier and denitrifier community composition varied with N form and soil type. These results indicate that N 2 O emissions and the succession of nitrifying and denitrifying communities are selectively affected by soil moisture and N fertilizer form in the two contrasting types of soil.

show abstract

“…Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and mineral nitrogen (N min ) were measured in an extract with 0.01 M CaCl 2 (1:4, w/v). Mineral nitrogen (N min ) (nitrate and ammonium) was analyzed spectrometrically (SAN-plus Segmented Flow Analyser, Skalar Analytical, NL) and DOC and DON with a TOC/TNb analyser (multi N/C 2100 S, Analytic Jena AG, D) described in Krauss et al (2017). Soil biological analyses were conducted at 40-50% maximum WHC.…”

Section: Study Sites and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Gardener's Influence on Urban Soil Quality

Tresch

Moretti

Bayon

et al. 2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tillage system affects fertilizer-induced nitrous oxide emissions

Cited by 40 publications

References 57 publications

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Responses of soil nitrous oxide production and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities to nitrogen and water amendment

A Gardener's Influence on Urban Soil Quality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Tillage system affects fertilizer-induced nitrous oxide emissions

Cited by 40 publications

References 57 publications

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Responses of soil nitrous oxide production and abundances and composition of associated microbial communities to nitrogen and water amendment

A Gardener's Influence on Urban Soil Quality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations