Time Constraints Decouple Age and Size at Maturity and Physiological Traits

Rolff, Jens; Meutter, Frank Van de; Stoks, Robby

doi:10.1086/423715

Cited by 78 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…The photoperiod did not affect the sign or magnitude of genetic correlations. Although in most other studies insects accelerated their development when time-constrained Stoks, 2003, 2004), Rolff et al (2004) found this only for time-constrained damselflies, which were additionally food-constrained. Most probably all larvae kept at high food level had already attained their minimum development time so that any further acceleration was not possible (Rolff et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Recent work suggests that part of the variation in fitness can be explained by changes in physiological traits (Zera and Harshman, 2001;Rolff et al, 2004), such as immunity (Rolff and Siva-Jothy, 2003;Schmid-Hempel, 2003). For example, changes in photoperiod alter growth trajectories and can decouple life history and physiological traits (Rolff et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, changes in photoperiod alter growth trajectories and can decouple life history and physiological traits (Rolff et al, 2004). Physiological parameters can be independent of size and age at maturity and thus may serve as independent targets of selection (Plaistow et al, 2004;Rolff et al, 2004). For example, damselflies developing under time constraints show reduced activity of phenoloxidase (PO), an important component of the insect immune system, but not changes in mass at emergence (Rolff et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physiological parameters can be independent of size and age at maturity and thus may serve as independent targets of selection (Plaistow et al, 2004;Rolff et al, 2004). For example, damselflies developing under time constraints show reduced activity of phenoloxidase (PO), an important component of the insect immune system, but not changes in mass at emergence (Rolff et al, 2004). The notion that physiological traits and life history traits serve as independent targets of selection depends on the potential for unconstrained evolvabilities of these traits, yet quantitative genetic studies found evidence for greatly reduced evolvabilities using conditional estimates (Rolff et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choosing an insect as model system, allows growth patterns to be influenced by manipulating photoperiod without the confounding effects of other cues such as diet or temperature (Rolff et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative genetics of immunity and life history under different photoperiods

et al. 2011

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Insects with complex life-cycles should optimize age and size at maturity during larval development. When inhabiting seasonal environments, organisms have limited reproductive periods and face fundamental decisions: individuals that reach maturity late in season have to either reproduce at a small size or increase their growth rates. Increasing growth rates is costly in insects because of higher juvenile mortality, decreased adult survival or increased susceptibility to parasitism by bacteria and viruses via compromised immune function. Environmental changes such as seasonality can also alter the quantitative genetic architecture. Here, we explore the quantitative genetics of life history and immunity traits under two experimentally induced seasonal environments in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. Seasonality affected the life history but not the immune phenotypes. Individuals under decreasing day length developed slower and grew to a bigger size. We found ample additive genetic variance and heritability for components of immunity (haemocyte densities, proPhenoloxidase activity, resistance against Serratia marcescens), and for the life history traits, age and size at maturity. Despite genetic covariance among traits, the structure of G was inconsistent with genetically based trade-off between life history and immune traits (for example, a strong positive genetic correlation between growth rate and haemocyte density was estimated). However, conditional evolvabilities support the idea that genetic covariance structure limits the capacity of individual traits to evolve independently. We found no evidence for GÂE interactions arising from the experimentally induced seasonality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Quantitative genetics of immunity and life history under different photoperiods

et al. 2011

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Dispersal depends on body condition and predation risk in the semi‐aquatic insect,Notonecta undulata

Baines

McCauley

Rowe

2015

Ecology and Evolution

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Dispersal is the movement of organisms across space, which has important implications for ecological and evolutionary processes, including community composition and gene flow. Previous studies have demonstrated that dispersal is influenced by body condition; however, few studies have been able to separate the effects of body condition from correlated variables such as body size. Moreover, the results of these studies have been inconsistent with respect to the direction of the relationship between condition and dispersal. We examined whether body condition influences dispersal in backswimmers (Notonecta undulata). We also tested whether an interaction between body condition and predation risk (another proximate factor that influences dispersal) could contribute to the previously observed inconsistent relationship between condition and dispersal. We imposed diet treatments on backswimmers in the laboratory, and measured the effects of food availability on body condition and dispersal in the field. We found that dispersal was a positive function of body condition, which may have important consequences for population characteristics such as the rate of gene flow and population growth. However, the effects of body condition and predation risk were additive, not interactive, and therefore, our data do not support the hypothesis that the interaction between condition and predation risk contributes to the inconsistency in the results of previous condition-dependent dispersal studies.

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Larval body condition regulates predator‐induced life‐history variation in a dragonfly

Moore

Lis

Martin

2017

Ecology

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Abstract. Organisms with complex life cycles commonly exhibit adaptive plasticity in the timing of transitions between life stages. While the threat of predation is predicted to induce earlier transitions, empirical support has been equivocal. When predation risk affects both the propensity to transition to the next life stage and the ability to reach the energetic thresholds necessary to complete the transition, only those individuals in the best physiological condition may be able to accelerate development and emerge earlier. To test this hypothesis, we followed uniquely marked dragonfly larvae (Pachydiplax longipennis) through emergence in pools where we factorially manipulated the presence of a large heterospecific predator (Anax junius) and cannibalism risk via conspecific size variation. Consistent with our hypothesis, high-condition larvae were more likely to emerge in the presence of the heterospecific predator than in its absence, and low-condition larvae were more likely to emerge in its absence than in its presence. Moreover, high-condition larvae emerged earlier when cannibalism risk was high than when it was low. Predation risk therefore has condition-dependent effects on emergence. As predation risk frequently affects resource accumulation, similar mechanisms across taxa could commonly underlie the incongruence between empirical results and theoretical expectations for predator-induced life-history variation.

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Time Constraints Decouple Age and Size at Maturity and Physiological Traits

Cited by 78 publications

References 37 publications

Quantitative genetics of immunity and life history under different photoperiods

Quantitative genetics of immunity and life history under different photoperiods

Dispersal depends on body condition and predation risk in the semi‐aquatic insect,Notonecta undulata

Larval body condition regulates predator‐induced life‐history variation in a dragonfly

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