Time-course responses of circulating microRNAs to three resistance training protocols in healthy young men

Abstract

Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) in human plasma have been described as a potential marker of exercise. The present study investigated the effects of three acute resistance training (RT) protocols on the time-course changes of the c-miRNAs profiles in young males. The subjects (n = 45) were randomly divided into three groups: muscular strength endurance (SE), muscular hypertrophy (MH) and maximum strength (MS). Venous blood samples were obtained before exercise and immediately, 1 h and 24 h after each RT protocol to assess the following biological parameters: c-miRNAs, anabolic and catabolic hormones, inflammatory cytokines and muscle damage markers. The results revealed that the levels of two c-miRNAs (miR-208b and miR-532), six c-miRNAs (miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-206, miR-181a, miR-21 and miR-221) and two c-miRNAs (miR-133a and miR-133b) changed significantly in response to the SE, MH and MS protocols (p < 0.05), respectively. The nature and dynamic processes of the c-miRNAs response were likely influenced by the RT modality and intensity. Moreover, miR-532 was negatively correlated with insulin-like growth factor-1 and positively correlated with interleukin-10, whereas miR-133a was negatively correlated with cortisol and positively correlated with testosterone/cortisol. These findings suggest that these c-miRNAs may serve as markers for monitoring the RT responses.

Blood flow-restricted resistance exercise alters the surface profile, miRNA cargo and functional impact of circulating extracellular vesicles

“…We did not observe increases in specific muscle associated myo-miRs. This is in concordance with a recent study that found no change in circulating myo-miRs when comparing pre-exercise to post-exercise in three different resistance exercise protocols 54 . Muscle cells can release EVs into the circulation and this secretion has been reported to increase acutely during exercise 11 , but these muscle-specific EVs only account for 1-5% of the total EV pool.…”

“…That said, we do see an overlap between the miRNAs found in this study and previous reports in the literature. For different modalities of exercise, alterations in expression of miR-182-5p, 451a, 16-5p, 363-3p, 21-5p have previously been reported 54,[56][57][58][59] . The hypoxia-inducible miR-182-5p is of specific interest for BFRE because of its up-regulation, abundance and previously described packaging into EVs 60,61 .…”

MicroRNA Profile and Adaptive Response to Exercise Training: A Review

“…When examining the effect of strength exercises on miRNAs, high-intensity resistance exercises induced changes in intramuscular miRNA levels which were weakly correlated to changes in plasma miRNA levels [21]. Nonetheless, ci-miR-133a levels were increased significantly 4 hrs after a single bout of intense strength exercise, although intramuscular levels were increased after only 2 h. Another study performed in healthy males was able to demonstrate that specific strength exercises had an influence on various ci-miRNAs: the abundance of 2 ci-miRNAs (miR-208b and -532), 6 ci-miRNAs (miR-133a, -133b, -206, -181a, -21 and -221) and 2 ci-miRNAs (miR-133a and -133b) changed significantly in response to a strength endurance, muscular hypertrophy and maximum-strength exercise protocol, respectively [16]. Expression of ci-miR-133a was immediately decreased after the muscle hypertrophy protocol, although a delayed increase in miR-206 and -181a levels (1 hr) as well as in miR-133b levels (24 hrs) was noted.…”

“…2) [25,53]. Indeed, miRNA levels can fluctuate depending on the nature of the physical exercise or training regimen [14,16,37]. The following sections will expand on the topic and discuss their physiological relevance.…”

miRNAs as Biomarkers in Disease: Latest Findings Regarding Their Role in Diagnosis and Prognosis

“…Both these hypotheses need more research before being proven correct.In recent years, extraordinary progress has been made in terms of finding the origin and functions of miRNA and their potential use in research and clinical practice, for both healthy and diseased patients. For example, some studies have shown that the levels of certain circulating miRNAs, involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, and cardiac muscle contractility, are directly influenced by the intensity and length of exercising, thus indicating that they might play a role in mediating the physiological cardiac adaptation to exercising [48][49][50]. Another study has shown the key role miRNAs are playing in the creation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS).…”