Time dependence of the characteristics of an electronuclear generating system (?runaway effect?)

Barashenkov, V.S.; Shmakov, S. Yu.

doi:10.1007/bf00760583

At Energy

1993

DOI: 10.1007/bf00760583

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Time dependence of the characteristics of an electronuclear generating system (?runaway effect?)

V.S. Barashenkov¹,

S. Yu. Shmakov²

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1998

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…The problems of Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) are closely connected with Accelerator-Based Conversion (ABC) [2] aimed to complete the destruction of weapons plutonium, and with Accelerator-Driven Energy Production (ADEP) [3] which proposes to derive fission energy from thorium with concurrent destruction of the long-lived waste and without the production of weapons-usable material, though substantial differences among these systems do exist [2]. Precise nuclear data are needed for solving problems of radiation damage to microelectronic devices [4] and not only of radiation protection of cosmonauts and aviators or workers at nuclear installations, but also to estimate the radiological impact of radionuclides such as 39 Ar arising from the operation of fusion reactors or high-energy accelerators and the population dose from such radionuclides retained in the atmosphere so as to avoid possible problems of radiation health effects for the whole population (see, e.g. [5]).…”

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Cascade-exciton model analysis of proton induced reactions from 10 MeV to 5 GeV

Mashnik

Sierk

Bersillon

et al. 1998

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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We have used an extended version of the Cascade-Exciton Model (CEM) to analyze more than 600 excitation functions for proton induced reactions on 19 targets ranging from 12 C to 197 Au, for incident energies ranging from 10 MeV to 5 GeV. We have compared the calculations to available data, to calculations using approximately two dozen other models, and to predictions of several phenomenological systematics. We present here our conclusions concerning the relative roles of different reaction mechanisms in the production of specific final nuclides. We comment on the strengths and weaknesses of the CEM and suggest possible further improvements to the CEM and to other models. * On leave of absence from Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaPrecise nuclear data on excitation functions for reactions induced by nucleons in the energy range up to several GeV are of great importance both for fundamental nuclear physics and for many applications. Such data are necessary to understand the mechanisms of nuclear reactions, to study the change of properties of nuclei with increasing excitation energy, and to study the effects of nuclear matter on the properties of hadrons and their interactions. Excitation functions are more sensitive to the detailed mechanisms of nuclear reactions than are double differential cross sections of emitted particles or their integrals over energy and/or angles. Therefore, excitation functions are a convenient tool to test models of nuclear reactions.Second, and perhaps more important today, expanded nuclear data bases in this intermediate energy range are required for several important applications. Recently, one of the most challenging problems requiring reliable nuclear data files is Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technology (ADTT) for elimination of nuclear waste [1]. The problems of Accelerator Transmutation of Waste (ATW) are closely connected with Accelerator-Based Conversion (ABC) [2] aimed to complete the destruction of weapons plutonium, and with Accelerator-Driven Energy Production (ADEP) [3] which proposes to derive fission energy from thorium with concurrent destruction of the long-lived waste and without the production of weapons-usable material, though substantial differences among these systems do exist [2]. Precise nuclear data are needed for solving problems of radiation damage to microelectronic devices [4] and not only of radiation protection of cosmonauts and aviators or workers at nuclear installations, but also to estimate the radiological impact of radionuclides such as 39 Ar arising from the operation of fusion reactors or high-energy accelerators and the population dose from such radionuclides retained in the atmosphere so as to avoid possible problems of radiation health effects for the whole population (see, e.g. [5]). Another important new application which requires large nuclear data libraries at energies up to several hundreds of MeV is the radiation transport simulation of cancer radiotherapy used f...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cascade-exciton model analysis of proton induced reactions from 10 MeV to 5 GeV

Mashnik

Sierk

Bersillon

et al. 1998

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Application of low-current accelerators for modeling ecologically acceptable utilization of plutonium

Barashenkov¹,

Popov²,

Пузынин³

et al. 1998

At Energy

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For a long time electronuclear installations have been viewed as breeders of easy-fissioning 239pu and 233U in uranium and thorium targets, which can then be used in reactors (see, for example, [1][2][3][4]). This approach requires accelerators with currents = 100 mA, the construction of which is a complicated and in some respects still an unsolved problem. Although specialists assert that these difficulties are all of a purely technical character, the production and, especially, operation of such giant machines will encounter difficulties, and this will be the main argument against electronuclear technology.The next stage was the concept of a closed cycle of one accelerator --one reactor with burnup of long-lived wastes [5]. In this case, the intensity Of the accelerated-particle beams can be limited to values approximately 10 times lower and even to a current = 1 mA, if a system of several accelerators is used (this is also preferable from the technological standpoint [6]). The proposed approach has opened an avenue for producing already in the next few years electronuclear power plants based on uranium and thorium [7][8][9]. At the same time, there is also an important inverse problem --ecologically acceptable and economically advantageous utilization of the reserves of pure weapons plutonium and technical plutonium, contaminated with other nuclides, from nuclear power plants [7, 8].Electronuclear technology is promising for burning of plutonium, since the neutron high yield in the plutonium irradiated by protons, deuterons, or et particles even with an energy of only several hundreds of MeV makes it possible to use well-assimilated types of reactors for developing such a technology. Although a large portion of the energy of the primary beam is lost in ionization processes, the fission energy is many times greater than the losses, especially since the "ionization heat" released in the target can be utilized. Radiation safety, which substantially increases the complexity and operating costs of highenergy accelerators, also simplifies.As a first step in studying plutonium electronuclear systems, it is suggested that the core of an IBR-30 plutonium reactor (which is to be disassembled in connection with the development of the IREN neutron spectrometer) operating in the subcritical regime be combined with a 650 MeV proton cyclotron at the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research. Having placed the core on a mobile platform, it is also possible to use the 9 GeV beams of protons, deuterons, and c~ particles of the synchrocyclotron.An attractive aspect of such a design is its relatively low cost and the possibility of rapid implementation, since almost all required equipment and parts of the hybrid installation are already available. Moreover, morally obsolete reactors and accelerators obtain a second life. The proposed, quite powerful, electronuclear installation can be used to estimate the limits of the admissable coefficient Keff and to study its possible fluctuations,* and to investigate the different regimes of breed...

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Time dependence of the characteristics of an electronuclear generating system (?runaway effect?)

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Cascade-exciton model analysis of proton induced reactions from 10 MeV to 5 GeV

Cascade-exciton model analysis of proton induced reactions from 10 MeV to 5 GeV

Application of low-current accelerators for modeling ecologically acceptable utilization of plutonium

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