Time Dependent Freezing of Water under Multiple Shock Wave Compression

Dolan, Daniel H.; Gupta, Y. M.

doi:10.1063/1.1780209

Cited by 8 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(129 reference statements)

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“…In Figure 9, the liquid water Hugoniot intersects the phase boundary between 3 and 4 GPa but does not enter the ice VII field, in agreement with Rice and Walsh [1957] and Dolan [2003].…”

Section: E03005supporting

confidence: 56%

“…The heat capacity of liquid water is not constant up to pressures of 1 GPa [ Wagner and Pruss , 2002], and measurements are not available over the pressure and temperature range required for . Therefore, in Figure 9, the liquid water shock temperatures, T H , liquid (in K), are interpolated between low‐pressure calculations [ Snay and Rosenbaum , 1952] and data (between 30 and 80 GPa [ Kormer , 1968; Lyzenga et al , 1982]) as a function of shock pressure (in GPa) by

In Figure 9, the liquid water Hugoniot intersects the phase boundary between 3 and 4 GPa but does not enter the ice VII field, in agreement with Rice and Walsh [1957] and Dolan [2003].…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Shock properties of H₂O ice

Stewart

Ahrens

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] To understand the mechanics and thermodynamics of impacts on, and collisions between, icy planetary bodies, we measured the dynamic strength and shock states in H 2 O ice. Here, we expand upon previous analyses and present a complete description of the phases, temperature, entropy, and sound velocity along the ice shock Hugoniot. Derived from shock wave measurements centered at initial temperatures (T 0 ) of 100 K and 263 K, the Hugoniot is composed of five regions: (1) elastic shocks in ice Ih, (2) ice Ih deformation shocks, and shock transformation to (3) ice VI, (4) ice VII, and (5) liquid water. In each region, data obtained at different initial temperatures are described by a single U S À Du p shock equation of state. The dynamic strength of ice Ih is strongly dependent on initial temperature, and the Hugoniot Elastic Limit varies from 0.05 to 0.62 GPa, as a function of temperature and peak shock stress. We present new bulk sound velocity measurements and release profiles from shock pressures between 0.4 and 1.2 GPa. We report revised values for the shock pressures required to induce incipient melting (0.6 ± 0.05, 1.6 ± 0.3 GPa) and complete melting (2.5 ± 0.1, 4.1 ± 0.3 GPa) upon isentropic release from the shock state (for T 0 = 263, 100 K). On account of the >40% density increase upon transformation from ice Ih to ices VI and VII, the critical shock pressures required for melting are factors of 2 to 10 lower than earlier predicted. Consequently, hypervelocity impact cratering on planetary surfaces and mutual collisions between porous cometesimals will result in abundant shock-induced melting throughout the solar system.

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“…In Figure 9, the liquid water Hugoniot intersects the phase boundary between 3 and 4 GPa but does not enter the ice VII field, in agreement with Rice and Walsh [1957] and Dolan [2003].…”

Section: E03005supporting

confidence: 56%

In Figure 9, the liquid water Hugoniot intersects the phase boundary between 3 and 4 GPa but does not enter the ice VII field, in agreement with Rice and Walsh [1957] and Dolan [2003].…”

Section: Results and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Shock properties of H₂O ice

Stewart

Ahrens

2005

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…This timescale closely matches the peaktrough time in the VISAR (velocity interferometer system for any reflector) measurement, indicating that the two phenomena are linked. Transient opacity was never observed in heterogeneously nucleated freezing 11 , but was found in high-pressure single-pass transmission measurements using sapphire windows 17 . No direct stress measurements were made in the previous work, but wave propagation simulations suggested that opacity loss corresponded to compression beyond 8 GPa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

A metastable limit for compressed liquid water

et al. 2007

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The transformation of liquid water to solid ice is typically a slow process. To cool a sample below the melting point requires some time, as does nucleation from the metastable liquid 1 , so freezing usually occurs over many seconds 2. Freezing conditions can be created much more quickly using isentropic compression techniques, which provide insight into the limiting timescales of the phase transition. Here, we show that water rapidly freezes without a nucleator under sufficient compression, establishing a practical limit for the metastable liquid phase. Above 7 GPa, compressed water completely transforms to a high-pressure phase within a few nanoseconds. The consistent observation of freezing with different samples and container materials suggests that the transition nucleates homogeneously. The observation of complete freezing on these timescales further implies that the liquid reaches a hypercooled state 3. Computational studies suggest that freezing can occur on 0.1-1 ns timescales, although for water such simulations require a highly confined geometry 4 and/or strong electric fields 5,6. Unconfined simulations of supercooled water 7 indicate that freezing is possible on 100 ns timescales, many times faster than experimental observations. Simply cooling a liquid on that timescale is challenging: 10 7 −10 10 K s −1 cooling rates can be achieved by spraying droplets into a cryogen 8 , but it is difficult to carry out real-time measurements. The fastest real-time observation of freezing in expansion-cooled water clusters occurred on 10−30 μs timescales 9 , leaving a 2-3 decade gap between the experimental and computational studies of freezing. Adiabatic compression is an alternative route to solidification, even though liquids become hotter in the process. Temperature increase can be mitigated by using isentropic (rather than single shock wave) compression techniques, yielding the coldest possible adiabatic state. As shown in Fig. 1, isentropic compression of liquid water crosses the melt line between 2 and 3 GPa (T ≈ 400 K). Although compression freezing involves a different portion of the phase diagram than cooling (ice VII (ref. 10) rather than ice Ih), freezing conditions are created very quickly, providing insight into the limiting phase-transition timescales. When liquid water is isentropically compressed above 2 GPa in the presence of a quartz or fused-silica window, freezing will be observed over 10-100 ns timescales 11,12. The phase transition quickens with increasing pressure, but only in the presence of a silica window. Even at 5 GPa, where the liquid is nearly 70 K below the equilibrium melt line, no freezing is observed during compression within sapphire windows (≈800 ns experiment duration). Solidification is characterized by two basic events: the onset and the completion of freezing. The onset of freezing is defined by the time needed to create freezing conditions (whether by cooling

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“…A number of papers in the shock wave literature [12,14,[32][33][34][35] describe methods for determining the volume dependence of ∂P/∂T) v . or g(v) with limited success.…”

Section: Determination Of Volume Dependence Of ∂P/∂t) V or G(v)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accuracy of equations of state need to be greater than is normally available in order to obtain reliable values for these derivative properties of equations of state. Section 5.14 outlined the fundamental approach of developing thermodynamic Helmholtz potentials by Winey et al [12,35]. This approach gives ∂P/∂T) v or g as functions of v but it requires adequate accurate data to develop the potential [12] predicts the measured temperatures very well while other equations of state assuming C v (T) with g/v constant or C v (T), with ∂P/∂T) v constant, or constant C v and constant g/v all under predict the final temperature of the nitromethane experiments.…”

Section: Determination Of Volume Dependence Of ∂P/∂t) V or G(v)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Shock Waves

Forbes

2012

Shock Wave Compression of Condensed Matter

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Time Dependent Freezing of Water under Multiple Shock Wave Compression

Cited by 8 publications

References 100 publications

Shock properties of H₂O ice

Shock properties of H₂O ice

A metastable limit for compressed liquid water

Thermodynamics of Shock Waves

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Time Dependent Freezing of Water under Multiple Shock Wave Compression

Cited by 8 publications

References 100 publications

Shock properties of H2O ice

Shock properties of H2O ice

A metastable limit for compressed liquid water

Thermodynamics of Shock Waves

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Product

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Shock properties of H₂O ice

Shock properties of H₂O ice