Time-dependent organic changes of intravenous thrombi in stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age determination

Nosaka, Mizuho; Ishida, Yuko; Kimura, Akihiko; Kondo, Toshikazu

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.12.008

Cited by 64 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Intravenous thrombus was induced as described previously [20,21]. Briefly, after deep anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg body weight), a 2-cm incision was made along the abdominal midline, and the inferior vena cava (IVC) was exposed and ligated with 3-0 silk suture.…”

Section: Stasis-induced Deep Vein Thrombus Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When forensic pathologists encounter cases of DVT-related PTE, they are always required to estimate how old the venous thrombi are, as well as skin wound age determination. Immunohistochemical techniques are widely used in the forensic research fields to estimate the age of skin wounds or brain contusions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]; however, there are only a few forensic studies on thrombus age estimation [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical detection of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation

et al. 2010

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We immunohistochemically examined the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 using venous thrombi developed by ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in mice. Both MMP-2- and MMP-9- positive cells could be detected in the whole course of thrombus formation after IVC ligation. Morphometrically, their number was greatest 14 days after IVC ligation and thereafter, gradually decreased at 21 days. The number of MMP-9-positive cells was significantly higher than that of MMP-2-positive cells at 1 to 7 days. The average ratio of MMP-9 to MMP-2 (MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio) was >2.0 in all thrombus samples at 1-5 days. After 7 days, the MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio was less than 2.0. These observations implied that an MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio markedly exceeding 2.0 strongly indicates an age of 5 days or less. Furthermore, an MMP-9/MMP-2 ratio of <2.0 probably indicates an age of more than 7 days. The present study demonstrated that the immunohistochemical detection of intrathrombotic MMP-2 and MMP-9 was suitable to estimate the age of venous thrombi.

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Section: Stasis-induced Deep Vein Thrombus Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical detection of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation

et al. 2010

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“…Intravenous thrombus was induced as described previously [25][26][27]. Briefly, after deep anesthesia with intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg body weight), a 2-cm incision was made along the abdominal midline, and the inferior vena cava (IVC) was exposed and ligated with 3-0 silk suture.…”

Section: Stasis-induced Deep Vein Thrombus Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiquantitative evaluation of intrathrombotic uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 expression Intrathrombotic uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 levels were evaluated semiquantitatively, as described previously [25][26][27]. Briefly, in each section, five microscopic fields (two central and three peripheral fields) were randomly selected within the thrombi (magnification, ×1,000), and the numbers of positive cells were counted and summed from the five microscopic fields.…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cases of DVT-related PTE, forensic pathologists are always required to find the origin of DVT and estimate how old the venous thrombi are. Immunohistochemical techniques are widely used in the forensic research fields to estimate the age of skin wounds and brain contusions, and to diagnose early ischemic heart disease or drowning ; however, there have been only a few forensic studies on thrombus age estimation [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immunohistochemical detection of uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation

et al. 2012

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We immunohistochemically examined the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen-activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) using venous thrombi developed by ligation of the inferior vena cava (IVC) in mice. The uPA-, tPA- and PAI-1-positive cells could be firstly detected 5, 7, and 3 days, respectively, after IVC ligation. Morphometrically, the number of PAI-1-positive cells was significantly higher than those of uPA- and tPA-positive cells at later than 7 days. In all of the thrombus samples aged 10-21 days, the uPA/PAI-1 and tPA/PAI-1 ratios were >0.1 and >0.2, respectively. In contrast, all of the thrombus samples aged 1-7 days had uPA/PAI-1 of <0.1 and tPA/PAI-1 ratios of <0.2. These findings implied that uPA/PAI-1 of >0.1 and tPA/PAI-1 of >0.2 indicated an age of 10 days or more. Moreover, in four of five samples aged 10 days, uPA/PAI-1 ratios were <0.3, and the remaining one had uPA/PAI-1 of 0.32. All thrombi aged 14-21 days showed values greater than 0.3. Thus, uPA/PAI-1 ratios, markedly exceeding 0.3, strongly indicated an age of more than 14 days. The present study demonstrated that the immunohistochemical detection of uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 was suitable to estimate the age of venous thrombi.

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Association of Time From Stroke Onset to Groin Puncture With Quality of Reperfusion After Mechanical Thrombectomy

et al. 2019

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; for the HERMES Trialists Collaboration IMPORTANCE Reperfusion is a key factor for clinical outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large-vessel intracranial occlusion. However, data are scarce on the association between the time from onset and reperfusion results. OBJECTIVE To analyze the rate of reperfusion after EVT started at different intervals after symptom onset in patients with AIS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a meta-analysis of individual patient data from 7 randomized trials of the Highly Effective Reperfusion Using Multiple Endovascular Devices (HERMES) group. This is a multicenter cohort study of the intervention arm of randomized clinical trials included in the HERMES group. Patients with anterior circulation AIS who underwent EVT for M1/M2 or intracranial carotid artery occlusion were included. Each trial enrolled patients according to its specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data on patients eligible but not enrolled (eg, refusals or exclusions) were not available. All analyses were performed by the HERMES biostatistical core laboratory using the pooled database. Data were analyzed between December 2010 and April 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Successful reperfusion was defined as a modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b/3 at the end of the EVT procedure adjusted for age, occlusion location, pretreatment intravenous thrombolysis, and clot burden score and was analyzed in relation to different intervals (onset, emergency department arrival, imaging, and puncture) using mixed-methods logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 728 included patients, with a mean (SD) age of 65.4 (13.5) years and of whom 345 were female (47.4%), decreases in rates of successful reperfusion defined as a thrombolysis in cerebral infarction score of 2b/3 were observed with increasing time from admission or first imaging to groin puncture. The magnitude of effect was a 22% relative reduction (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64-0.95) per additional hour between admission and puncture and a 26% relative reduction (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.93) per additional hour between imaging and puncture. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Because the probability of reperfusion declined significantly with time between hospital arrival and groin puncture, we provide additional arguments for minimizing the intervals after symptom onset in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke.

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Time-dependent organic changes of intravenous thrombi in stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age determination

Cited by 64 publications

References 42 publications

Immunohistochemical detection of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation

Immunohistochemical detection of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation

Immunohistochemical detection of uPA, tPA, and PAI-1 in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis model and its application to thrombus age estimation

Association of Time From Stroke Onset to Groin Puncture With Quality of Reperfusion After Mechanical Thrombectomy

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