Time‐dependent release of growth factors from implant surfaces treated with plasma rich in growth factors

Abstract

Plasma rich in growth factors (PRGFs) technology is an autologous platelet-rich plasma approach that provides a pool of growth factors and cytokines that have been shown to increase tissue regeneration and accelerate dental implant osseointegration. In this framework, the spatiotemporal release of growth factors and the establishment of a provisional fibrin matrix are likely to be key aspects governing the stimulation of the early phases of tissue regeneration around implants. We investigated the kinetics of growth factor release at implant surfaces functionalized either with PRGFs or platelet-poor plasma and correlated the results obtained with the morphology of the resulting interfaces. Our main finding is that activation and clot formation favors longer residence times of the growth factors at the interfaces studied, probably due to their retention in the adsorbed fibrin matrix. The concentration of the platelet-derived growth factors above the interfaces becomes negligible after 2-4 days and is significantly higher in the case of activated interfaces than in the case of nonactivated ones, whereas that of the plasmatic hepatocyte growth factor is independent of platelet concentration and activation, and remains significant for up to 9 days. Platelet-rich plasma preparations should be activated to permit growth factor release and thereby facilitate implant surface osseointegration.

Biodegradable electrospun nanofibers coated with platelet-rich plasma for cell adhesion and proliferation

“…PDGF-BB was released in a more sustained manner during the 7 days of the study; the amount released up to day 7 (1186 pg) was 2.6 times greater than that released during the first 4 h in PBS. This release behavior is in agreement with a recent report by Anitua and coworkers [39] on grade IV titanium discs coated with activated PRP, who found that PDGF was released in a more sustained way than VEGF or TGF-β1. Nevertheless, in our work the release was slightly slower, which is probably because PRP was more tightly embedded onto the PCL nanofibers, compared to the titanium surfaces.…”

Advancing biomaterials of human origin for tissue engineering

“…The versatility of PRF can be broadened when the patient's autologous tissues are transferred along with PRF for grafting or when PRF is used in association with other naturally derived materials, such as gelatin, alginate, collagen or CS, for scaffold modification [241,622–626]. PRF combined with additional natural or synthetic materials can yield scaffolds that offer tighter control over their cargo biodistribution and pharmacokinetics [44,605].…”

Positive effect of platelet rich fibrin on osseointegration

“…Furthermore these products do not contain leukocytes and cannot sustain the production of new growth factors after the initial release. On the other hand, the strong fibrin architecture of the L-PRF allows an intense slow release throughout the entire span of the experiment, and the release is further supported by the production of new growth factors by the leukocytes living in the L-PRF membrane (4,11,17,18,21). When L-PRF applied to the implant surface, a protein layer involving massive growth factors are constituted.…”

“…Another strategy to reduce the osseointegration time has been the modulation of the healing response after the implant placement (2,3). This has been accomplished by biologically active molecules during implant placement to induce osteoconductivity, increase osteoblastic differentiation and enhance healing of peri-implant bone (3,4). Growth factors, bone-specific proteins, bone morphogenetic proteins induce better osseointegration through replication and differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells and interfacial tissue maturation (3-8).…”