Time-dependent variation in the biodistribution of C60 in rats determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Sub-acute oral toxicity study with fullerene C60 in rats

“…Because these above-mentioned studies suggested that fullerene C60 could be absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract (Folkmann et al, 2009;Yamago et al, 1995) and distribute in the spleen and liver (Bullard-Dillard et al, 1996;Kubota et al, 2011), increased liver and spleen weights after the recovery period in the present study may relate to the oral administration of fullerene C60. However, it was clear that there was no accumulation of fullerene C60 which could change the weights of the liver and spleen directly.…”

“…In the study, when intravenously injected into female rats, 14 C-labeled fullerene C60 was rapidly (within 1 min) cleared from the circulation and the majority accumulated in the liver (about 92%), followed by the spleen (about 4%), 2-hr post-injection, and the 14C-labeled fullerene C60 was not eliminated from the liver, but from the spleen, 120-hr post-injection (Bullard-Dillard et al, 1996). In a study (Kubota et al, 2011) of tail vein injection of fullerene C60 into rats using liposomes as a carrier, burdens of fullerene C60 were widely distributed in five tissues, the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and brain (in descending order) although no fullerene C60 was detected in the blood on day 1 after completion of the injections. Fullerene C60 accumulated in the liver did not decrease until 14 days, and for up to 28 days after the completion of injections, and a time-dependent decrease in fullerene C60 concentration was not observed in the spleen until 28 days (Kubota et al, 2011).…”

“…In a study (Kubota et al, 2011) of tail vein injection of fullerene C60 into rats using liposomes as a carrier, burdens of fullerene C60 were widely distributed in five tissues, the liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, and brain (in descending order) although no fullerene C60 was detected in the blood on day 1 after completion of the injections. Fullerene C60 accumulated in the liver did not decrease until 14 days, and for up to 28 days after the completion of injections, and a time-dependent decrease in fullerene C60 concentration was not observed in the spleen until 28 days (Kubota et al, 2011).…”

“…The mean values of the wet weight of organs were 0.1 g (spleen) to 0.4 g (liver). The analytical method of LC-MS/MS and the extraction procedure from tissues of experimental animals were as reported previously (Kubota et al, 2009(Kubota et al, , 2011, and C70 was used as an internal standard for quantification. The detection limits for each organ were 0.102 μg/g wet wt.…”

PVP formulated fullerene (C60) increases Rho-kinase dependent vascular tissue contractility in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats

“…Alternatively, fullerenes and their derivatives used for different biomedical applications such as drug/gene delivery and as contrast agents in diagnostic imaging [2, 3] may be introduced directly into the vascular compartment. While the site and extent of C60 distribution within the pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tissues depends on the size of particle agglomerates and route of exposure, once exposed and distributed into the circulation C60 has a very low clearance from the body, remaining in organs/tissues as long as 180 days post-exposure [4, 5]. Considering its size and penetrability to tissues and subcellular locations [6], C60 can potentially alter intracellular signaling pathways in cells associated with the vascular walls and impact vascular function.…”