Time dependent wettability of graphite upon ambient exposure: The role of water adsorption

Amadei, Carlo A.; Lai, Chia-Yun; Heskes, Daan; Chiesa, Matteo

doi:10.1063/1.4893711

Cited by 63 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…27 When submitted to treatment 1, the samples are termed annealed samples, and when submitted to treatment 2, the samples are termed aged samples for simplicity. The two treatments are also termed annealed and aged throughout.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Parametrization of Persisting Long-Range Nanoscale Phenomena in Force Measurements Emerging under Ambient Conditions

et al. 2015

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Advances in quantification of nanoscale forces are mainly focused on repulsive forces, the sample's stiffness, and related parameters such as deformation. The reactivity and chemistry of the surface however depends on longer range forces that are prevalent in ambient conditions and control functional surfaces. Suitable models and appropriate parametrization of this range, however, are still emerging. Here, we define and employ metrics to parametrize long-range forces and experimental observables in dynamic atomic force microscopy and force measurements in a general way even when suitable physical models are lacking. We find that plateaus in the attractive part of the force that can be of more than 1 nm in range are a general characteristic of surfaces exposed to the ambient environment. These plateaus can be identified directly from force measurements or indirectly from computationally low-cost parameters that we define here. We further demonstrate that the defined metrics can be employed for rapid discrimination between sharp (less than 10 nm in radius) and blunt tips. Thus, our results exemplify the potential use of metrics to quantify phenomena that can lead to useful relationships without the restrictions of assumptions imposed by modeling the underlying physics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

General Parametrization of Persisting Long-Range Nanoscale Phenomena in Force Measurements Emerging under Ambient Conditions

et al. 2015

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“…65 Similar results have also been reported in several other studies. 49,50,52,55,62,64,239 In light of these observations, there is great importance in investigating how airborne contamination affects the wettability of MoS 2 due to its salience as a 2D material beyond graphene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and the degree in which hydrocarbon and water adsorption influence wettability. 63,64 Importantly, this concept is becoming better understood as more researchers realize the importance of hydrocarbon contamination on graphitic surfaces and take into account exposure time in air when conducting experiments and fabricating devices. Work by Tadros, Hu, and…”

Section: Static Water Contact Anglementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the intrinsic water wettability of graphite

Kozbial¹,

Li²,

Sun³

et al. 2014

Carbon

192

244

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“…up to 5 nm) van der Waals (vdW) forces, whereas the transparency is lost, if the substrate forms short-range chemical bonds (i.e. 26 The adsorption of molecules from the atmosphere, demonstrated on graphitic surfaces 27 by means of atomic force microscope (AFM) and spectroscopy techniques, 28,29 can represent the root of the debate around the wettability of graphene. By contrast, Raj et al 22 rejected the graphene wetting transparency theory demonstrating that the type of interaction and the role of the substrate is negligible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidation of the wettability of graphene through a multi-length-scale investigation approach

Amadei

Lai²,

Esplandiu

et al. 2015

RSC Adv.

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Univocal conclusions around the wettability of graphene exposed to environmental conditions remain elusive despite the recent efforts of several research groups. The main discrepancy rests on the question of whether a graphene monolayer (GML) is transparent or not to water and more generally what the role is that the substrate plays in determining the degree of wetting of the GML. In this work, we investigate the water transparency of GML by means of a multi-length-scale approach. We complement traditional static contact angle measurements and environmental scanning electron microscopy experiments with atomic force microscopy based force spectroscopy to assess the role that intermolecular interactions play in determining the wetting of GML. To gain deeper insight into the wetting transparency issue, we perform experiments on inert metals, such as gold and platinum, covered or not covered by GML. The comparison of the results obtained for different systems (i.e. GML covered and uncovered inert metals), provides unambiguous evidence that supports the non-wetting transparency theory of GML. This work aims to assist the development of technologies based on graphene-water interaction, such as graphitic membranes for water separation processes. Fig. 5 Tip/surface dissipative interactions by means of AFM. (a) Dissipative interactions according to Cleveland's equation. 41 Energy dissipation for GML on metal substrate and bare metal. Data on the left hand side and right hand side refer to Pt system and Au system respectively. (b) Normalized energy dissipation profile of Pt system. Black line represents for bare Pt and gray line represents for GML/Pt. Red circles represent inflection points related to the presence of capillary phenomena.This journal is

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Time dependent wettability of graphite upon ambient exposure: The role of water adsorption

Cited by 63 publications

References 61 publications

General Parametrization of Persisting Long-Range Nanoscale Phenomena in Force Measurements Emerging under Ambient Conditions

General Parametrization of Persisting Long-Range Nanoscale Phenomena in Force Measurements Emerging under Ambient Conditions

Understanding the intrinsic water wettability of graphite

Elucidation of the wettability of graphene through a multi-length-scale investigation approach

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