Time-domain sampling of x-ray pulses using an ultrafast sample response

Gaal, P.; Schick, Daniel; Herzog, Marc; Bojahr, André; Shayduk, Roman; Goldshteyn, J.; Navirian, Hengameh Allaf; Leitenberger, W.; Vrejoiu, Ionela; Khakhulin, Dmitry; Wulff, Michaël; Bargheer, Mathias

doi:10.1063/1.4769828

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The duration of the gate can be controlled by τ 12 even to durations shorter than the incident x-ray pulse. However, the measured gate width cannot be shorter than the duration of the x-ray probe pulse [25,27] although individual x-ray pulses are truncated by the gate. This reduces the signal strength and decreases the signal-to-noise ratio in this measurement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photoacoustic properties of these materials are well understood. In particular, we studied nanoscale heat diffusion [21], thermoelastic effects [23] and coherent phonon dynamics [24][25][26][27][28] in SRO, STO and similar materials. We assign a characteristic wavevector | q | = 2π/Λ to the optically generated surface distortion with periodicity Λ. q || is directed in the plane of the sample and in the diffraction plane of the incident x-ray beam.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Thermal Excitations in Solids

et al. 2017

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X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements of femtosecond laser-induced transient gratings (TG) are applied to demonstrate the spatio-temporal coherent control of thermally induced surface deformations on ultrafast timescales. Using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction we unambiguously measure the amplitude of transient surface deformations with sub-Å resolution. Understanding the dynamics of femtosecond TG excitations in terms of superposition of acoustic and thermal gratings makes it possible to develop new ways of coherent control in x-ray diffraction experiments. Being the dominant source of TG signal, the long-living thermal grating with spatial period Λ can be canceled by a second, time-delayed TG excitation shifted by Λ/2. The ultimate speed limits of such an ultrafast x-ray shutter are inferred from the detailed analysis of thermal and acoustic dynamics in TG experiments. [5][6][7] or plasmonic [8,9] degrees of freedom. Strain-induced phenomena may be used to discover new material properties and develop new applications, for example the modification of optical and electronic properties in semiconductor nanostructures [10]. Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are often employed as a source of lattice strain. They can be generated [11] and controlled [12] optically via the excitation of transient gratings (TGs) [13,14]. Recently, these TG-excitations heave been used to probe heat transport in suspended thin films [15] and magneto-elastic coupling in thin nickel films [16][17][18]. Optical excitation of a solid generates not only coherent sound waves but also incoherent thermal strain. Coherent excitations can be controlled in amplitude and phase by series of light pulses in time domain, which is labeled temporal coherent control [19]. The main fraction of the deposited optical energy is stored in incoherent excitations of the lattice, i.e., heat [20,21] which can consequently not be controlled by a temporal sequence of light pulses. This thermal lattice excitation often generates a background which makes is difficult to precisely observe the coherent acoustic signal in purely optical experiments.In this letter we demonstrate, for the first time, the coherent control of incoherent, thermal transient gratings. We apply spatio-temporal coherent control showing that the spatial part of coherent control adds a new degree of freedom to control the amplitude and the phase of a thermally deformed surface. This is clearly a new approach that introduces the concept of spatial coherent control to the dynamics of incoherent excitations on ultrafast time scales, a phenomenon impossible to achieve with temporal coherent control only. We also demonstrate the control of a transient thermal grating on a timescale faster than the oscillation of the simultaneously excited coherent acoustic modes. Our new quantitative method allows for decomposing the coherent and incoherent dynamics in the sample by measuring the amplitude of the surface excursion with sub-Å precision and ≈ 70 ps temporal resolution. The modification of x-ray diffracti...

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confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Thermal Excitations in Solids

et al. 2017

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“…7(c)-7(d)] appear due to acoustic phonon wave propagation in the SrRuO 3 / SrTiO 3 superlattice. The oscillations were suppressed in the case of a SrRuO 3 /SrTiO 3 double layer structure (Herzog et al, 2010;Gaal et al, 2012). This double layer switch was verified with a laser-plasma source of femtosecond hard X-ray pulses with a photon energy of 8.047 kV.…”

Section: X-ray Switchesmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Recently, switching of the hard X-ray Bragg reflectivity of a SrRuO 3 /SrTiO 3 superlattice (Herzog et al, 2010) and a SrRuO 3 /SrTiO 3 double layer structure (Gaal et al, 2012; lead articles J. Synchrotron Rad. (2016).…”

Section: X-ray Switchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short X-ray pulses from third-generation light sources

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Hauri

2016

J Synchrotron Radiat

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High-brightness X-ray radiation produced by third-generation synchrotron light sources (TGLS) has been used for numerous time-resolved investigations in many different scientific fields. The typical time duration of X-ray pulses delivered by these large-scale machines is about 50-100 ps. A growing number of time-resolved studies would benefit from X-ray pulses with two or three orders of magnitude shorter duration. Here, techniques explored in the past for shorter X-ray pulse emission at TGLS are reviewed and the perspective towards the realisation of picosecond and sub-picosecond X-ray pulses are discussed.

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“…The properties of SrRuO 3 thin films have been extensively studied and summarized in the review article by Koster et al (2012). We have performed several time-resolved investigations of the structural response of SrRuO 3 (Korff Schmising et al, 2006;Navirian et al, 2010;Gaal et al, 2012;Herzog et al, 2012;Bojahr et al, 2015), which indicate that this is a suitable 'reference' sample because of its excellent crystalline quality and high damage threshold. In the following, we show and discuss experiments in hybrid mode of BESSY II and study the fast sample response using the lowmode of BESSY II.…”

Section: Transient Strain Generation By Optical Excitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP at BESSY II

et al. 2021

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The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP for optical pump/X-ray probe experiments at the electron storage ring BESSY II is dedicated to investigating the structural response of thin film samples and heterostructures after their excitation with ultrashort laser pulses and/or electric field pulses. It enables experiments with access to symmetric and asymmetric Bragg reflections via a four-circle diffractometer and it is possible to keep the sample in high vacuum and vary the sample temperature between ∼15 K and 350 K. The femtosecond laser system permanently installed at the beamline allows for optical excitation of the sample at 1028 nm. A non-linear optical setup enables the sample excitation also at 514 nm and 343 nm. A time-resolution of 17 ps is achieved with the `low-α' operation mode of the storage ring and an electronic variation of the delay between optical pump and hard X-ray probe pulse conveniently accesses picosecond to microsecond timescales. Direct time-resolved detection of the diffracted hard X-ray synchrotron pulses use a gated area pixel detector or a fast point detector in single photon counting mode. The range of experiments that are reliably conducted at the endstation and that detect structural dynamics of samples excited by laser pulses or electric fields are presented.

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Time-domain sampling of x-ray pulses using an ultrafast sample response

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Thermal Excitations in Solids

Spatiotemporal Coherent Control of Thermal Excitations in Solids

Short X-ray pulses from third-generation light sources

The time-resolved hard X-ray diffraction endstation KMC-3 XPP at BESSY II

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