Time in the Rock: A field guide to interpreting past events and processes from siliciclastic stratigraphy

Holbrook, John; Miall, Andrew D.

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103121

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Variables that are considered in estimating the rate of deposition include record fidelity, complex and incomplete nature of stratigraphic record owing to changing dynamics of the depositional system, variation in rate of deposition for elements in the basin, time and length scales, and stochastic processes (“noise”) (Tipper, 2016; Davies et al, 2019; Holbrook and Miall, 2020; Straub et al, 2020). However, in long timescales, the rates of deposition are statistically buffered over periodicity (Straub et al, 2020) and cyclic variability sums produce the average rate of deposition, which can be plausibly estimated from measured parameters of sediment thickness over the time span of the section (Holbrook and Miall, 2020; Straub et al, 2020). The accuracy of average rates of deposition depends on the vertical thickness and longer durations of time (Holbrook and Miall, 2020).…”

Section: Geological Setting Stratigraphy and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Ediacaran metazoan fossils with siliceous skeletons from the Digermulen Peninsula of Arctic Norway

et al. 2021

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In this study, a new assemblage of Ediacaran metazoan fossils is reported from the basal Stáhpogieddi Formation on the Digermulen Peninsula of Arctic Norway, including Anulitubus n. gen. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., Anulitubus formosus n. gen. n. sp. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., Coniculus n. gen. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., Coniculus elegantis n. gen. n. sp. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., Fistula n. gen. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al., and Fistula crenulata n. gen. n. sp. Moczydłowska in Moczydłowska et al. The specimens are three-dimensionally preserved and include tubular and conical skeletons that are morphologically distinguished by their body-wall constructions, radial symmetry, polarity, segmentation, and annulation. The skeletons are interpreted to be biomineralized by primary silica based on computed micro-tomographic, petrographic, geochemical, and spectroscopic evidence of originally rigid body wall with layers of constant thicknesses, composed of opal, microcrystalline quartz, and an admixture of carbonaceous material, which differ from the host sediment mineralogy and do not show replacement or encrustation. The fossil-bearing interval immediately overlies strata of Gaskiers age and can be bracketed within 580–541 Ma, but it is estimated to be ca. 575 Ma on the basis of averaged sedimentation rates and biostratigraphic correlations with Ediacaran biota found in up-section deposits of ca. 558–555 Ma. Future new findings of such fossils in different preservation modes and further multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which shows the silicon fractionation and traces its biogenic origin versus inorganic mineralization, may corroborate the interpretation of biogenic silicification of these earliest skeletal fossils. UUID: https://zoobank.org/6bccada1-870e-47b0-b819-82685152ea54

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Section: Geological Setting Stratigraphy and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Ediacaran metazoan fossils with siliceous skeletons from the Digermulen Peninsula of Arctic Norway

et al. 2021

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“…The majority of strata and time will have either been lost to erosion, or preserved in outcrops as of yet undiscovered, or currently buried and not amenable to study. While we are only beginning to understand the chronostratigraphic exactness of sedimentary rock outcrops on Earth 53,55,56 , let alone Mars, it appears likely that the period of deposition in the northwestern rim of the Hellas basin exceeded 10 5 terrestrial years. Furthermore, the preservation of relatively intact channel margins and barforms advocates that throughout this protracted period fluvial deposition was a relatively constant phenomena 38 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained fluvial deposition recorded in Mars’ Noachian stratigraphic record

et al. 2020

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Orbital observation has revealed a rich record of fluvial landforms on Mars, with much of this record dating 3.6-3.0 Ga. Despite widespread geomorphic evidence, few analyses of Mars' alluvial sedimentary-stratigraphic record exist, with detailed studies of alluvium largely limited to smaller sand-bodies amenable to study in-situ by rovers. These typically metre-scale outcrop dimensions have prevented interpretation of larger scale channel-morphology and long-term basin evolution, vital for understanding the past Martian climate. Here we give an interpretation of a large sedimentary succession at Izola mensa within the NW Hellas Basin rim. The succession comprises channel and barform packages which together demonstrate that river deposition was already well established >3.7 Ga. The deposits mirror terrestrial analogues subject to low-peak discharge variation, implying that river deposition at Izola was subject to sustained, potentially perennial, fluvial flow. Such conditions would require an environment capable of maintaining large volumes of water for extensive time-periods, necessitating a precipitation-driven hydrological cycle.

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“…We use a maximum of N = 4 levels (conceptually representing dunes, bars, channel‐belts, and basin‐scale topography), with dimensionless means of topographic relief of 0.25, 1, 3, and 8 (Figures 1a and 1c). While fluvial morphodynamic hierarchical elements are not limited to these classes alone, the vertical scales of topographic change span the entire spectrum expected in natural environments (Hajek & Straub, 2017; Holbrook & Miall, 2020; Miall, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphodynamic Hierarchy and the Fabric of the Sedimentary Record

Ganti

Hajek

Leary

et al. 2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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The low temporal completeness of fluvial strata could indicate that recorded events represent unusual and extreme conditions. However, field observations suggest that preserved strata predominantly record relatively common transport conditions—a paradox termed the strange ordinariness of fluvial strata. We theorize that the self‐organization of fluvial systems into a morphodynamic hierarchy that spans bed to basin scales facilitates the preservation of ordinary events in fluvial strata. Using a new probabilistic model and existing field and experimental data sets across these scales, we show that fluvial morphodynamic hierarchy enhances the stratigraphic preservation of medial topography—ordinary events. We show that lower‐order landforms have a higher likelihood of complete preservation when the kinematic rates of evolution of successive levels in the morphodynamic hierarchy are comparable. We highlight how relative changes in kinematic rates of evolution of successive levels in the morphodynamic hierarchy can manifest as major shifts in stratigraphic architecture through Earth history.

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Time in the Rock: A field guide to interpreting past events and processes from siliciclastic stratigraphy

Cited by 43 publications

References 147 publications

Ediacaran metazoan fossils with siliceous skeletons from the Digermulen Peninsula of Arctic Norway

Ediacaran metazoan fossils with siliceous skeletons from the Digermulen Peninsula of Arctic Norway

Sustained fluvial deposition recorded in Mars’ Noachian stratigraphic record

Morphodynamic Hierarchy and the Fabric of the Sedimentary Record

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