Time-Management Training: Effects on Time Behaviors, Attitudes, and Job Performance

Abstract

This quasi-experimental field study examined the effects of a time-management training program on 44 employees' self-reports of time-management behavior control over their time, job satisfaction, and stress responses, and on supervisor's ratings of these employees' job performance. Contrary to expectations, respondents did not report more frequent use of time-management behaviors, more job satisfaction, or less job-induced tension after training, compared with those not receiving training. Job performance did not significantly change after training. The training-group participants' perceptions of control over time, however, increased 4 to 5 months after training, approaching the level maintained by the no-training group. Thus, in general, the assertions made about time management were not supported.

Effect of Time Management on the Job Satisfaction and Motivation of Teacher Educators: A Narrative Analysis

“…al, 2016) and at the necessary quality level. It is a human nature to allocate time according to interest and comfort; thus, within a work TM refers to the techniques used to manage (Davis, 2000;Jex & Elacqua, 1999;Macan, 1996Macan, , 1994Macan et al, 1990;Mudrack, 1997) and use time effectively to accomplish various tasks (Orpen, 1994;Slaven & Totterdell, 1993;Woolfolk & Woolfolk, 1986) through suitable planning and allocation of time (Burt & Kemp, 1994;Francis-Smythe & Robertson, 1999a). It allows people to follow structured and purposive paths (Bond & Feather, 1988;Sabelis, 2001;Strongman & Burt, 2000;Vodanovich & Seib, 1997) to gain sufficient insight to distribute time efficiently across multiple activities (King et al, 1986), which helps individuals to maximise and enhance their intellectual productivity (Britton & Tesser, 1991).…”

Teachers’ Time Management and the Performance of Students: A Comparison of Government and Private Schools of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan

“…Although many authors referred and supported that it is the process of determining needs, setting goals to achieve determined needs, prioritising and planning the tasks required to achieve the settled goals (Lakein, 1973). It is also referred as techniques for managing time (Davis, 2000;Jex & Elacqua, 1999;Mudrack, 1997;Macan, 1996Macan, , 1994Macan et al, 1990;) as technique for effective use of time to accomplish the tasks required (Orpen, 1994;Slaven & Totterdell, 1993;Woolfolk & Woolfolk, 1986) for planning and allocating (Francis-Smythe & Robertson, 1999a;Burt & Kemp, 1994) as to be structured and purposive (Sabelis, 2001;Strongman & Burt, 2000;Vodanovich & Seib, 1997;Bond & Feather, 1988) to get insight to use time efficiently to pursue the activities (King et al,1986) and practices to maximize intellectual productivity (Britton & Tesser,1991).…”

What Do We Know About Time Management? A Review of the Literature and a Psychometric Critique of Instruments Assessing Time Management

“…These behaviors include setting goals and priorities, engaging in the mechanics of time management, and having a preference for organization (Adams & Jex, 1999;Macan, 1994Macan, , 1996Macan et al, 1990). However, seven time management skills or behaviors can be considered essential to effective time management due to their repetitive prominence in the literature: (a) time analysis, (b) planning, (c) goal setting, (d) prioritizing, (e) scheduling, (f) organizing, and (g) establishing new and improved time habits (Barkas, 1984;Feeny Jonson, 2002;Hellsten & Rogers, 2009;Jorde, 1982;Lakein, 1973;Mackenzie, 1972Mackenzie, , 1975Mackenzie, , 1990Woolfolk & Woolfolk, 1986).…”

“…One study (Trueman & Hartley, 1996) compared the effectiveness of time management skills between mature and traditional entry university students. Five studies examined the effectiveness of time management training programs (DiPipi-Hoy et al, 2009;Macan, 1994Macan, , 1996Orpen, 1993;Woolfolk & Woolfolk, 1986). More than half of the studies examined a university or college student sample.…”

“…Three of the studies examined employed adults (i.e., Macan, 1994;1996;Orpen, 1993) Orpen, 1993;Woolfolk & Woolfolk, 1986) which focused on the time management work by Lakein (1973) indicated that time management training has significant immediate and long-term effects on time management attitudes and behaviors and that those who receive time management training rate their time management effectiveness more highly than those who do not. In comparison, two later studies (i.e., Macan, 1994;1996) which utilized the Time Management Behavior scale developed by Macan et al (1990) found time management training to be only minimally related to subsequent use of time management behaviors. However, individuals who participated in a time management program did perceive more control over their time after the program.…”