High-density silicon nanoparticles with wellcontrolled sizes were grown onto cold substrates in amorphous SiN x and SiC matrices by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Strong, tunable photoluminescence across the whole visible light range has been measured at room temperature from such samples without invoking any post-treatment, and the spectral features can find a qualitative explanation in the framework of quantum confinement effect. Moreover, the decay time was for the first time brought down to within one nanosecond. These excellent features make the silicon nanostructures discussed here very promising candidates for light-emitting units in photonic and optoelectronic applications.Keywords silicon nanoparticles, photoluminescence, quantum confinement effect PACS numbers 78.55.Ap, 78.67.Bf, 78.47.CdSilicon-based light-emitting structures are likely to provide the pivotal technology in future full-silicon optoelectronic integration. Unfortunately bulk silicon is an indirect bandgap (E g ∼1.12 eV) semiconductor which emits light at a negligibly low efficiency. Since the first discovery of visible photoluminescence (PL) from porous silicon at room temperature by Canham in 1990 [1], arduous efforts have been made to squeeze light from silicon, and a great multitude of exciting results, both theoretical and experimental, concerning the optical and electronic properties of diversified structures have been acquired [2−9].For a long period, the fabrication of nanostructured systems which are expected to give appreciable light emission following the quantum confinement effect (QCE) [3,5,9], as confirmed in size-separated silicon nanoparticles [2], has attracted much research interest. Various silicon based structures have been investigated in an effort to obtain applicable light emission. These include, for instance, Si nanocrystals in amorphous silicon matrix [3], free-standing film of silica containing Si nanocrystals [9], silicon nanoparticles embedded in a diamond matrix [10], and so forth. So far, PL in the spectral range from infrared to even ultraviolet has been registered in many silicon nanostructures.As one of the workhorse materials for microelectronics, silicon oxide is the most widely studied among the various matrix choices to quantum confine silicon nanoparticles which are intended to be made into efficient emitting centers. However, the ultimate goal of silicon-based light emitting material design is not the realization of photoluminescence but to obtain applicable electroluminescence. Therefore, carrier injection through the insulating matrix (clearly only possible via the tunneling mechanism) is of practical concern. In this sense, SiO 2 is obviously a bad choice because of its extremely large bandgap (E g ∼ 8.5 eV) -the operation voltage for a light-emitting diode based on Si-in-SiO 2 structure would be unacceptably high. To circumvent this difficulty for later implementations, and also to explore the light emission properties