Brucellosis is a globally significant zoonosis, the control of which is difficult and resource intensive. Serological tests form a vital part of a multifactorial approach to control and are often performed in large numbers. The aim of the present study was to develop a new assay to improve the efficiency, ease, and effectiveness of serological testing. An existing competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was adapted to a completely homogeneous time-resolved fluorescent resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) assay. This was achieved by labeling an anti-Brucella monoclonal antibody with a long-lifetime donor fluorophore and Brucella smooth lipopolysaccharide with a compatible acceptor and optimizing the reading conditions. The assay was performed in a 96-well plate with a single 30-min incubation period and no separation (wash) steps and was concluded by a single plate-reading step. The performance of the assay was evaluated with a panel of serum samples from infected (n ؍ 73) and uninfected (n ؍ 480) sources and compared to the performance of the parent cELISA, an indirect ELISA (iELISA), and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA). The performance of the TR-FRET assay matched the performance of the iELISA, which had 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and surpassed the performance of the cELISA and the FPA. The results also demonstrated that the TR-FRET technique is effective with poor-quality serum samples from the field. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first homogeneous TR-FRET assay to detect antibodies raised against an infectious disease. The technique appears to be sufficiently adaptable to meet the needs of many other similar testing requirements to identify infectious diseases.Brucellosis is a zoonosis of widespread distribution and significance caused by species of the genus Brucella. The disease is known to be especially prevalent in the Middle East and Mediterranean Basin (33), and there are disturbing signs of its reemergence across large areas of the globe, especially in central Asia. Few countries have successfully managed to eradicate the disease. In many of these countries, although the livestock sector is disease free, a significant wildlife reservoir remains and presents a risk of reintroduction (11).The principle etiologic agents of brucellosis are the classical smooth species Brucella abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis. These species all have smooth lipopolysaccharide (sLPS), which is a major virulence factor (17, 35). Each of these species has a preferred host; however, many animals, including humans, are susceptible to each of the classical species, although the underlying mechanisms for host preference are not clearly understood (5). Brucellosis in ruminants is mainly manifested by reproductive failure due to abortion. There are few other clinical signs, and this causes difficulties with diagnosis. In humans, the disease is mainly presented as an undulating febrile condition, although there may be other, more serious complications. The symptoms of human ...