“…Several methods have been developed for monitoring TYL and TIM residues, such as fluorescence immunoassay (Bang-Ce, Songyang, Peng, & Xiao-Hong, 2008;Su et al,. 2011;Wei et al, 2013), microbiological assay (Litterio, Calvinho, Flores, Tarabla, & Boggio, 2007;Nouws et al, 1999;Pol-Hofstad, Driessen-Van Lankveld, Tomassen, De Jong, & Van Egmond, 2008), electrochemical enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Ammida et al, 2004;Draisci et al, 2001), thin-layer chromatography coupled to microbiological detection (Vincent Gizzi, Holst, Jong, & Michard, 2007), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Clark, Dowling, & Boison, 2009;Prats, Francesch, Arboix, & Perez, 2002;Zheng et al, 2011), and HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) (Juan, Moltó, Mañes, & Font, 2010;Nozal Nalda et al, 2006;Thompson, Noot, Calvert, & Pernal, 2003). However, most of these assays are time consuming and require expensive equipment, specialized technical personnel, and complicated sample pre-treatment and, thus, are unsuitable for extensive screening and field detection.…”