Time-restricted eating for patients with diabetes and prediabetes: A systematic review

Abstract

BackgroundSeveral studies have explored the effect of time-restricted eating (TRE) on patients with diabetes and prediabetes. However, these studies have not been analyzed and summarized as a whole. We conducted a systematic review to summarize and analyze all studies about the efficacy and safety of TRE for patients with diabetes and prediabetes.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search of the Embase, PubMed and Cochrane databases and the time span was from inception to 1 May 2022. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias 2 (RoB2) and ROBINS-I tools were used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The effect of TRE on weight loss, insulin sensitivity, plasma glucose, and the safety of TRE were summarized and analyzed.ResultsIn total, 7 studies with 326 participants including 5 articles with 217 patients with diabetes and 2 articles with 109 patients with prediabetes were included. The TRE windows were from 4 to 10 h. The percentages of females ranged from 0 to 90%. The mean age ranged from 35.2 to 67.5 years, and most of patients adhered to TRE. All studies were assessed as high quality. TRE may result in weight loss, and improvements in the insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose, with no severe AEs.ConclusionTime-restricted eating is a safe and feasible intervention, and may offer cardiovascular and metabolic benefits for patients with diabetes and prediabetes. Studies in this field, which should be viewed as important, are limited. Therefore, more high-quality studies are needed.

Time-restricted feeding on blood pressure and blood glucose of prolanis participants at primary health care in Tuban, East Java, Indonesia

“…With no serious adverse effects, TRE may lead to weight loss as well as improvements in insulin sensitivity and plasma glucose. For patients with diabetes and prediabetes, time-restricted eating is a safe and practical intervention that may improve metabolism and the cardiovascular system [16].…”

The effects of time-restricted eating for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review

“…In accordance with the PICOS framework ( 52 ), the inclusion criteria for this systematic review were meticulously established as follows: (P) patients, encompassing individuals diagnosed with NAFLD; (I) intervention, specifically focusing on time-restricted eating (TRE); (C) control, which included several comparative conditions such as calorie restriction (CR), habitual meal timing, alternate-day fasting (ADF), or a standard diet; (O) outcomes, with primary endpoints being the effects of TRE on liver parameters in NAFLD patients and secondary outcomes including alterations in body weight, plasma lipid levels, body composition, insulin resistance, glucoregulatory factors, inflammation parameters (cytokeratin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), and the safety profile of TRE; and (S) study type, which was RCTs. Exclusions were made for editorials, duplicates, comments, conference abstracts, and case reports.…”

Feasibility of time‐restricted eating in individuals with overweight, obesity, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes: A systematic scoping review

“…TRE may be particularly useful in societies of today where constant access to food might contribute to disturbance of circadian rhythms and have adverse effects on cardiometabolic health [10][11][12]. Reviews that mainly include studies of shorter duration (<16 weeks) have suggested that TRE is associated with modest weight loss and improved body composition, metabolic markers, and appetite regulation in people with overweight, obesity, prediabetes, and T2D [7,8,10,[13][14][15]. The metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent and is associated with an increased risk of T2D and cardiovascular disease [16].…”