“…Jackson, 2001Jackson, , 2003 and consequent fish kills (Barica & Mathias, 1979;Fang & Stefan, 2000;Greenbank, 1945;Ruuhijärvi, Rask, Vesala, Westermark, & Lehtovaara, 2010), common in lakes with a long ice cover season (Meding & Jackson, 2001). The prerequisites for under-ice photosynthesis and oxic conditions in winter remain much better in our study lake than in northern temperate boreal lakes, where winter DO depletion exists particularly in eutrophic (Leppäranta, Heini, Jaatinen, & Arvola, 2012) and small humic lakes (Bai et al, 2015), thus suggesting that ecosystem DO consumption exceeds its production.…”