Time-space differences of population ageing in Europe

Abstract

Age structure is one of the most important demographic characteristics of the population, which is multicausally related to almost all population processes. On one hand, age structure is the complex result of processes such as fertility, mortality, immigration and emigration. At the same time, it substantially aff ects a number of socio-demographic phenomena such as marriage, divorce, migration, potential labour resources etc. Certain relationships between the age structure and other population characteristics, such as ethnic, educational, sex, economic or religious structure can also be observed. The demographic behaviour of the European population in the second half of the 20 th and the beginning of the 21 st century is characterised by signifi cant changes. They are refl ected in a number of population processes and indicies, which are typically interconnected and interrelated. These changes have been most strikingly manifested in a drop of fertility rates, changes in family behaviour, and shift s in the age structure of the population. The main aim of this paper is to analyse the time-space development of the age structure of the European population. The period of investigation is 1950-2010 which is extended by a projected development until 2060. Changes in age structure are analysed through several indicators such as coeffi cients of infl ow, outfl ow and exchange, as well as with indices of economic and social support. Authors make also eff orts to provide a complex assessment on population ageing. Using the method of standardised variable, 11 indicators of age structures for 39 European countries are used in the synthesis. In view of the londer time span, several types of age structures are pointed out in Europe.

Primary-school-age population change in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina: The effects of demographic factors

“…On the other hand, it affects other socio-economic and demographic phenomena, such as nuptiality, migration, and the potential size of the labour force etc. (Káčerová et al 2014). With the correlation method, the age coefficient was found to have a significant degree of dependence with the natural change rate (rho=−0.742), natality (rho=−0.500), and mortality (rho=0.635) in the Federation.…”

People, Space and Culture – Dimensions of Intergenerational Relationships. Introduction

“…The theoretical foundations of population ageing, the regional analysis of Slovakia and several types of perspective on ageing in Europe from a demographic perspective have a central position in the work of human geographers such as Marcela Káčerová and her co-authors (Káčerová, Bleha, 2007;Káčerová, Ondačková, Mládek, 2014;Káčerová, Ondačková 2015a;Káčerová, Nováková, 2016), and others (Potančoková, 2003(Potančoková, , 2005, and new methods have been developed for analysing age structure (Káčerová, Mládek, 2011;Káčerová, Ondačková, 2013;Šprocha, Ďurček, 2018) and the effect of generational change on the social economy (Bleha, Ďurček, 2017 ). The main issues in which intergenerational change has been analysed in Slovak demography is change in women's fertility on the generation or cohort level (Šprocha, 2018; Šprocha, 2019) and changes in marital behaviour and family structure.…”

From School Benches Straight to Retirement? Similarities and Differences in the Shopping Behaviour of Teenagers and Seniors in Bratislava, Slovakia

“…In the US, consumers aged 65+ are the richest of all age categories, with multiple sources of income (Pak and Kambil, 2006). As in other post-socialist countries of Central Europe (Káčerová et al, 2014), the population of Slovakia is also old. Over the last 100 years, the population aged 65+ has almost tripled (Káčerová et al, 2012).…”