“…These functions, along with duality theory, have been used to estimate shadow prices for knowledge spillovers between universities (Weber, ), to estimate elasticities of transformation between knowledge outputs of patents, Ph.D. students, and publications (Weber and Yin, ), and to simulate a reallocation of NSF funds given to enhance knowledge outputs at various U.S. institutions of higher education (Fukuyama et al., ). Distance functions can be estimated parametrically (Weber and Xia, ; Weber, ) or using nonparametric DEA (Fukuyama et al., ). We extend these models and use a dynamic network distance function to model the role that knowledge plays in a dynamic network technology.…”