Time Synchronization in Networks

Wang, Jingchao; Ruohan, Zhao; Gu, Weiwen

doi:10.1145/3341016.3341038

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The absolute time error results as performed in the protocol from this work match the uncompensated results from [12] and [13], which indicates that if absolute time error were important to our network, there is room for improvement. The flattening out of the relative time error confirms the results in [14]. Even though the network has a single crystal, the time synchronization trends still follow the same results as crystal-enabled networks.…”

Section: A Ambient Conditions With a Crystal-enabled Root Nodesupporting

confidence: 79%

A Time Synchronized Multi-Hop Mesh Network with Crystal-Free Nodes

Maksimovic,

Patel,

Burnett

et al. 2023

GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference

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In this work we propose and demonstrate a protocol for a time synchronized channel hopping mesh network for wireless transceivers that use exclusively imprecise and inaccurate on-chip oscillators. This protocol is built on an IEEE 802.15.4 physical layer radio that enables interoperability with protocols such as 6TiSCH or Thread. A calibration-bootstrapped multihop mesh network is demonstrated with a single crystal-enabled node acting as the root.The protocol is designed to create a multi-hop mesh while compensating noisy and drifting oscillators and timers. With a 4 s synchronization period, an experimental implementation of the network maintains, in the worst case, 1.8 ms 3σ absolute time synchronization and 820 µs 3σ hop-to-hop synchronization across four hops, under ambient environmental conditions. The resistance to environmental variation is tested by varying one node's supply voltage. With time and frequency feedback from received packets, the node maintains this synchronization with a supply variation of 2.5 mV/s, which is equivalent to a temperature variation of 10 • C/min with a packet rate of 0.5 Hz.

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Section: A Ambient Conditions With a Crystal-enabled Root Nodesupporting

confidence: 79%

A Time Synchronized Multi-Hop Mesh Network with Crystal-Free Nodes

Maksimovic,

Patel,

Burnett

et al. 2023

GLOBECOM 2023 - 2023 IEEE Global Communications Conference

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“…When the acoustic signal is captured, the timestamps of each audio file have to be synchronized. The synchronization represents a problem that can be solved by using extra hardware (like an external clock) or by applying synchronization protocols to synchronize all of the node's internal clocks [16,17]. There are different strategies that can be implemented to achieve this, most of which use a server to exchange messages with their respective timestamps, which then are used to adjust the internal clocks of the nodes of the WASN.…”

Section: Synchronization Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Challenges of Acoustic Energy Mapping Using a WASN: Synchronization and Audio Capture

García-Unzueta

Méndez-Monroy

Rascón

2023

Sensors

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Acoustic energy mapping provides the functionality to obtain characteristics of acoustic sources, as: presence, localization, type and trajectory of sound sources. Several beamforming-based techniques can be used for this purpose. However, they rely on the difference of arrival times of the signal at each capture node (or microphone), so it is of major importance to have synchronized multi-channel recordings. A Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) can be very practical to install when used for mapping the acoustic energy of a given acoustic environment. However, they are known for having low synchronization between the recordings from each node. The objective of this paper is to characterize the impact of current popular synchronization methodologies as part of the WASN to capture reliable data to be used for acoustic energy mapping. The two evaluated synchronization protocols are: Network Time Protocol (NTP) y Precision Time Protocol (PTP). Additionally, three different audio capture methodologies were proposed for the WASN to capture the acoustic signal: two of them, recording the data locally and one sending the data through a local wireless network. As a real-life evaluation scenario, a WASN was built using nodes conformed by a Raspberry Pi 4B+ with a single MEMS microphone. Experimental results demonstrate that the most reliable methodology is using the PTP synchronization protocol and audio recording locally.

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Review of Protocol Stack Development of Flying Ad-hoc Networks for Disaster Monitoring Applications

Dhall

Dhongdi

2022

Arch Computat Methods Eng

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Time Synchronization in Networks

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

A Time Synchronized Multi-Hop Mesh Network with Crystal-Free Nodes

A Time Synchronized Multi-Hop Mesh Network with Crystal-Free Nodes

On the Challenges of Acoustic Energy Mapping Using a WASN: Synchronization and Audio Capture

Review of Protocol Stack Development of Flying Ad-hoc Networks for Disaster Monitoring Applications

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