Time to acute kidney injury and its predictors among newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetic patients at government hospitals in Harari Region, East Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) among Type 2 diabetic patients is significantly increasing. But, earlier studies has focused on the admitted patients which may hide the true nature of the Acute Kidney Injury among Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) patients. So, this study was conducted to determine the time to Acute Kidney Injury and its predictors among Type 2 Diabetic patients in Harari Region, East Ethiopia. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study among type 2 diabetic patients who had been receiving treatment at government hospitals of Harari region, Ethiopia from 2013 to 2017. We extracted data from patients’ medical records. We estimated incidence rate and compared survival curves between different exposure groups using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. Weibull regression model was fitted to the data to identify the predictor variables. Variables with p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Overall, 14.5% (95%CI: 11.7–17.9) of the study population developed acute kidney injury, with median survival time of 57 months. The significant predictors were physical activity [Adjusted Time Ratio (ATR):95%CI; 0.6 (0.49–0.75)], congestive heart failure [ATR:95%CI; 0.84 (0.71–0.99)], chronic kidney disease [ATR:95%CI; 0.77(0.65–0.91)], hypertension [ATR:95%CI; 0.78(0.65–0.91)], obesity [ATR:95%CI; 0.84(0.74–0.96)], diabetic nephropathy [ATR:95%CI; 0.80(0.65–0.98)], diuretics & beta blockers [ATR:95%CI; 0.85(0.74–0.97)], and delay of follow-up [ATR:95%CI; 0.97(0.96–0.98)]. Conclusions Incidence of acute kidney injury was high in our study area. Hence, identification and controlling of comorbidities along with regular monitoring of kidney function are needed to prevent or delay the risk of acute kidney injury in type 2 diabetic patients.

Effects of physical activity on the progression of diabetic nephropathy: a meta-analysis

“…During full-text screening, 113 studies were excluded for failing to provide qualified endpoints or complete data for our meta-analysis. Therefore, a total of 18 studies [ 11–13 , 15–29 ] that included 38991 patients were ultimately included in the current meta-analysis to evaluate the role of PA in DN patients.…”

<p>Sleep Quality and Associated Factors Among Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Follow-Up Clinic at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…27 BMI: A person was classified as underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m 2 ), normal body weight (BMI 18.5−24.9 kg/ m 2 ), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m 2 ), or obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ). [28][29][30] Smoking: Currently smoking is smoking a cigarette at least once within the last 30 days. 16,24 Drinking alcohol: Patients were classified as drinking alcohol if they had a history of consuming an alcoholic drink since the last visit.…”

Incidence and Predictors of Acute Kidney Injury Among Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients at Chronic Follow-Up Clinic of University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

“…10 In a retrospective follow-up study conducted in Harari Region, East Ethiopia, from 2013 to 2017, the total incidence rate of AKI among type 2 DM patients was 14.5%. 11 Many studies suggested that the predictors of AKI among type 2 DM patients are old age, congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertension (HTN), smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetic nephropathy (DN), infections, aminoglycosides, diabetic ketoacidosis, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), long duration of DM, diuretics and betablockers and delay of follow-up. 5 Acute kidney injury is common and its burden has risen over the last two decades among type 2 DM patients.…”