Time-trend in excess weight in Brazilian adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background This review aimed to estimate the time-trend prevalence of excess weight, overweight and obesity in the Brazilian adult population, from the 1970s–2020, through systematic review and meta-analysis (Protocol: CRD42018091002). Methods A search for articles was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and LILACS up to June 2021. Studies that assessed excess weight, overweight and obesity in the adult population were eligible. Two authors selected studies, collected data and assessed the methodological quality of the studies. The primary outcomes were the prevalence of excess weight, overweight, and obesity by sex and period of years. Pooled prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated in the meta-analysis of the random effects model. Heterogeneity (I2) was investigated by meta-regression and publication bias was investigated by Egger’s test. Results A total of 7,938 references were identified in the search strategies, of which eighty-nine studies and nine national surveys, conducted from 1974–2020, were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of excess weight in Brazilian adults increased from 33.5% (95% CI: 25.0; 42.6%) in 1974–1990 to 52.5% (95% CI: 47.6; 57.3%) in 2011–2020. The pooled prevalence of overweight in Brazilian adults was 24.6% (95% CI: 18.8; 31.0%) from 1974–1990 and 40.5% (95% CI: 37.0; 43.9%) from 2011–2020. The pooled prevalence of obesity in Brazilian adults increased by 15.0% from 1974–1990 to 2011–2020. The increases were observed for both men and women in almost all periods. The prevalence of excess weight and obesity remained higher among women in all periods. Conclusions A continuous increase in the prevalence of excess weight, overweight and obesity were observed over the years. The prevalence of excess weight affected half of Brazilian adults in the period from 2011–2020 and both sexes.

Fourteen-year trends in overweight, general obesity, and abdominal obesity in Amazonian indigenous peoples

“…The prevalence found in the Arara people is also still lower than that described in recent years for Brazilian indigenous peoples, which ranges from 47.3% in Suyá-Khisêdjê people, Mato Grosso [ 12 ], to 85.5% in the Xavante, also from Mato Grosso [ 13 ]. On the other hand, the high prevalence of excess weight observed in the Gavião, Kararaô, Asurini do Xingu and Xikrin do Bacajá peoples are similar to those recorded in peoples such as the Xavante, Mato Grosso (85.5%) [ 13 ], Xikrin do Cateté, Pará (78.0%) [ 14 ], Kaingang, Santa Catarina (67.1%) [ 15 ], Kaiowá, Guarani, and Terena, Mato Grosso (61.3%) [ 16 ], in which the prevalence of excess weight are higher than the global average of 52.5% estimated for the Brazilian population [ 17 ].…”

Cerebrovascular Disease Mortality Trends in Brazil: An In-Depth Joinpoint Analysis

“…An additional noteworthy observation pertains to the age group 30-39 years for both males and females, where the previously sharp decline in mortality rates exhibited a reduced rate of decrease starting from 2008 in females and from 2009 in males. The prevalence of obesity has increased by 60% among those aged 25-34 years since 2006 in the Brazilian population, with the increase being more pronounced in females [ 24 ]. The way that obesity contributes to stroke is explained pathologically by various mechanisms, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, accelerated atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, and obstructive sleep apnea [ 21 ].…”

Time Trend of Overweight and Obesity in Adults from Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon (2006–2020)

“…The increases were observed for both, men and women, in almost all periods. Being overweight and obesity prevalence remained higher among women in all periods [14].…”