Time Until Emergence of HIV Test Reactivity Following Infection With HIV-1: Implications for Interpreting Test Results and Retesting After Exposure

Delaney, Kevin P.; Hanson, Debra L.; Masciotra, Silvina; Ethridge, Steven F.; Wesolowski, Laura G.; Owen, S. Michele

doi:10.1093/cid/ciw666

Cited by 100 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Flow-through rapid tests, much like any enzyme immunoassay, are able to detect anti-HIV antibodies within 25–35 days after infection, closely following what would be expected from the model above 11. Although rapid testing is not recommended during the acute phase, the fairly high sensitivity observed in our study would suggest that there could be some benefit with its use during AHI, particularly after 5 weeks from infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Sensitivity of the STAT-VIEW rapid self-test and implications for use during acute HIV infection

Boukli¹,

Boyd

Wendremaire³

et al. 2017

Sex Transm Infect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over half of AHI patients had reactive serology using the STAT-VIEW rapid self-test when performed on serum samples. Considering that detection sensitivity increased substantially over infection time, individuals should not rely on a negative result to accurately exclude HIV infection within at least 5 weeks of potential HIV exposure. Notwithstanding strong recommendations against rapid test use during AHI, some utility in detecting HIV is observed 5-12 weeks after transmission.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Sensitivity of the STAT-VIEW rapid self-test and implications for use during acute HIV infection

Boukli¹,

Boyd

Wendremaire³

et al. 2017

Sex Transm Infect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…9 These two systems have associated diagnostic delays that differ only by about 5 days. 10 This difference is small compared with the differences of 154, 48, and 95 days for BRAI, LAg, and BED, respectively, between our estimates and those from the literature. 3 …”

contrasting

confidence: 81%

Short Communication: Heightened HIV Antibody Responses in Postpartum Women as Exemplified by Recent Infection Assays: Implications for Incidence Estimates

Hargrove

Schalkwyk

Humphrey

et al. 2017

AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Laboratory assays that identify recent HIV infections are important for assessing impacts of interventions aimed at reducing HIV incidence. Kinetics of HIV humoral responses can vary with inherent assay properties, and between HIV subtypes, populations, and physiological states. They are important in determining mean duration of recent infection (MDRI) for antibody-based assays for detecting recent HIV infections. We determined MDRIs for multi-subtype peptide representing subtypes B, E and D (BED)-capture enzyme immunoassay, limiting antigen (LAg), and Bio-Rad Avidity Incidence (BRAI) assays for 101 seroconverting postpartum women, recruited in Harare from 1997 to 2000 during the Zimbabwe Vitamin A for Mothers and Babies trial, comparing them against published MDRIs estimated from seroconverting cases in the general population. We also compared MDRIs for women who seroconverted either during the first 9 months, or at later stages, postpartum. At cutoffs (C) of 0.8 for BED, 1.5 for LAg, and 40% for BRAI, estimated MDRIs for postpartum mothers were 192, 104, and 144 days, 33%, 32%, and 52% lower than published estimates of 287, 152 and 298 days, respectively, for clade C samples from general populations. Point estimates of MDRI values were 7%–19% shorter for women who seroconverted in the first 9 months postpartum than for those seroconverting later. MDRI values for three HIV incidence biomarkers are longer in the general population than among postpartum women, particularly those who recently gave birth, consistent with heightened immunological activation soon after birth. Our results provide a caution that MDRI may vary significantly between subjects in different physiological states.

show abstract

“…Because the virological and serological events following HIV infection determine when various targets become detectable, 3,4 understanding this timeline is essential for understanding the limitations of different tests across clinical and research settings.…”

Section: What Is the Timeline From Infection To Detection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HIV RNA is the first reliable marker of infection; 50% of infected individuals have detectable plasma RNA within 12 days 4 and levels peak between 20–30 days. 5 Beginning around day 15, the HIV-1 capsid protein p24 reaches detectable levels in the plasma.…”

Section: What Is the Timeline From Infection To Detection?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 The increased purity of synthetic antigens contributed to a shortening of the median window period from 45 days for viral lysate assays (such as the Western blot) 10 to 31 days with current IgG sensitive POC tests. 4 The antibody-based supplemental test (which has replaced the Western blot in the US testing algorithm 8 ), is a specialized, rapid, IgG sensitive laboratory assay featuring multiple recombinant antigens from both HIV-1 and HIV-2. This allows confirmation of the presence of anti-HIV IgG and differentiation of HIV-1 from HIV-2 – all within 30 minutes.…”

Section: What Serological Tests Are Available For Hiv?mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Selecting an HIV Test: A Narrative Review for Clinicians and Researchers

Hurt¹,

Nelson²,

Hightow-Weidman³

et al. 2017

Sexual Trans Dis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Given the many options available, selecting an HIV test for a particular clinical or research setting can be daunting. Making an informed decision requires an assessment of the likelihood of acute infection in the test population and an understanding of key aspects of the tests themselves. The ability of individual tests to reliably detect HIV infection depends on the target(s) being detected, when they can be expected to be present following infection, and the concentration of stable target in test specimens – all of which are explained by the virological and serological events following infection. The purpose of this paper is to: review the timeline of HIV infection, nomenclature and characteristics of different tests; compare point-of-care and laboratory-based tests; discuss the impact of different specimens on test performance; and provide practical advice to help clinicians and researchers new to the field select a test that best suits their needs.

show abstract

Time Until Emergence of HIV Test Reactivity Following Infection With HIV-1: Implications for Interpreting Test Results and Retesting After Exposure

Abstract: Our directly comparable estimates of the emergence of reactivity for 20 immunoassays are valuable to testing providers for interpreting negative HIV test results obtained shortly after exposure, and for counseling individuals on when to retest after an exposure.

Cited by 100 publications

References 32 publications

Sensitivity of the STAT-VIEW rapid self-test and implications for use during acute HIV infection

Sensitivity of the STAT-VIEW rapid self-test and implications for use during acute HIV infection

Short Communication: Heightened HIV Antibody Responses in Postpartum Women as Exemplified by Recent Infection Assays: Implications for Incidence Estimates

Selecting an HIV Test: A Narrative Review for Clinicians and Researchers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About