“…The failure rate, on the other hand, is evaluated using concepts from FORM (First Order Reliability Method) [Madsen et al, 1986, Ditlevsen andMadsen, 1996a]. Some additional methods on the subject were later proposed by Li and Mourelatos [2009], Singh et al [2010], Hu and Du [2013a], Hu and Du [2013b], Hu and Du [2014], Jiang et al [2014], Jiang et al [2017], Jiang et al [2018], Hawchar et al [2015], Hawchar et al [2017], Moarefzadeh and Sudret [2018], Nie and Ellingwood [2005], Gong and Frangopol [2019], Zhou et al [2017], Yu et al [2020], Wu et al [2020], Hu et al [2021], Zhang et al [2021]. However, it must be emphasized that all these methods are based on a discretization of the stochastic processes using expansion techniques such as EOLE or KL.…”