Timing of Exposure and Bisphenol-A: Implications for Diabetes Development

Lee

2019

IJERPH

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental chemical that has adverse effects on health, probably causing childhood obesity. However, this association remains controversial, and it is difficult to find evidence for direct causality between environmental exposure and disease using epidemiological studies. In this study, we sought to elucidate the possible causality between BPA exposure and childhood obesity by conducting two meta-analyses showing bidirectional associations, including exposure effect by obesity and obesity risk by exposure. Articles published up to September 2017 were searched in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. We evaluated observational studies that included measurements of urinary BPA concentration and BMI or body weight. Of 436 articles, a total of 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two meta-analyses were performed to investigate the association between BPA exposure and childhood obesity. The results showed that the relatively high-exposed group had a significantly higher risk of childhood obesity than the relatively low-exposed group (odds ratio = 1.566, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.097 to 2.234, p = 0.014). However, the obese group showed no significant difference in the BPA concentration when compared to the normal group (standardized mean difference = 0.166, 95% CI: −0.121 to 0.453, p = 0.257). This study suggested possible causality between BPA exposure and childhood obesity using data from epidemiological studies and showed that BPA exposure itself increased the risk of obesity in children.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Bisphenol A Exposure and Obesity in Children—A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

Lee

2019

IJERPH

“…Despite debates between food and drug administrations and researchers about the endocrine disrupting effects of BPA, this monomer has been implicated in a plethora of etiologies including diabetes, obesity, and hypothalamic neuroendocrine dysfunction. Early developmental periods are also ostensibly sensitive to the effects of BPA (127–129).…”

Section: Industrial and Agricultural Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminant and Environmental Influences on Thyroid Hormone Action in Amphibian Metamorphosis

et al. 2019

Aquatic and terrestrial environments are increasingly contaminated by anthropogenic sources that include pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and agricultural chemicals (i. e., pesticides). Many of these substances have the potential to disrupt endocrine function, yet their effect on thyroid hormone (TH) action has garnered relatively little attention. Anuran postembryonic metamorphosis is strictly dependent on TH and perturbation of this process can serve as a sensitive barometer for the detection and mechanistic elucidation of TH disrupting activities of chemical contaminants and their complex mixtures. The ecological threats posed by these contaminants are further exacerbated by changing environmental conditions such as temperature, photoperiod, pond drying, food restriction, and ultraviolet radiation. We review the current knowledge of several chemical and environmental factors that disrupt TH-dependent metamorphosis in amphibian tadpoles as assessed by morphological, thyroid histology, behavioral, and molecular endpoints. Although the molecular mechanisms for TH disruption have yet to be determined for many chemical and environmental factors, several affect TH synthesis, transport or metabolism with subsequent downstream effects. As molecular dysfunction typically precedes phenotypic or histological pathologies, sensitive assays that detect changes in transcript, protein, or metabolite abundance are indispensable for the timely detection of TH disruption. The emergence and application of ‘omics techniques—genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and epigenomics—on metamorphosing tadpoles are powerful emerging assets for the rapid, proxy assessment of toxicant or environmental damage for all vertebrates including humans. Moreover, these highly informative ‘omics techniques will complement morphological, behavioral, and histological assessments, thereby providing a comprehensive understanding of how TH-dependent signal disruption is propagated by environmental contaminants and factors.

“…Another analysis using liver samples revealed that prolonged exposure to BPA could elevate the mRNA expression of GLUT2, in addition to essential factors needed for biosynthesis of cholesterol and other lipids. Accordingly, increased levels of plasma TG and cholesterol were observed after administrating BPA during about one month and hypercholesterolemia persisted for more than 8 months after BPA treatment (Tudurí et al, 2018). Besides, the study done by ul Haq et al, 2020 concluded that chronic BPA exposure might and induce oxidative stress status which metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.…”

Section: B-clinical Examinationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Detection of Insulin Resistance and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Bisphenol a Exposed Workers.

2021

Egypt. J. Occup. Med.

Introduction: Many previous studies suggested that bisphenol A (BPA) exposure could trigger insulin resistance (IR) and elevate the risk to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aim of work: This research was done to detect IR prevalence and risk to develop T2DM among non-diabetic BPA exposed workers involved in the plastic industry. Materials and Methods: This work was conducted in a factory for manufacturing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes present in the 10 th of Ramadan City, Egypt. The study population involved an exposed group of 44 non-diabetic workers occupationally-exposed to the plastics manufacturing process and a control group of 46 non-diabetic matching administrative subjects. Full medical and occupational histories in addition to clinical examination, were done. Fasting serum samples were used to measure adiponectin, insulin, lipid parameters: Total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and High-density lipoproteins (HDL) and BPA levels. Insulin resistance was evaluated using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: The study showed a statistically increase in the levels of BPA, insulin, TC, TG and LDL, in addition to HOMA-IR indices, and a statistically decrease in the levels of adiponectin and HDL among BPA exposed workers compared to the control group. All measured parameters of IR were correlated with each other, with the BPA levels, and with the duration of occupational exposure among the exposed workers. Conclusion:Long-term occupational exposure to BPA in the plastic industry is accompanied by an elevated risk of developing IR and hence T2DM.