Timing performance of the silicon PET insert probe

Studen, Andrej; Burdette, D.; Chesi, E.; Cindro, V.; Clinthorne, N.H.; Cochran, Eric W.; Grosicar, Borut; Kagan, H.; Lacasta, C.; Linhart, V.; Mikuž, M.; Staňková, Věra; Weilhammer, P.; Žontar, D.

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncq076

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The modules were characterized prior to tests in PET geometry [24]. In terms of timing, time-walk similar to TA branch shaping time of $ 150 ns was found to be the dominant contribution.…”

Section: Pet Insert Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of a high resolution silicon PET insert module

Grkovski

Brzezinski²,

Cindro

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tConventional PET systems can be augmented with additional detectors placed in close proximity of the region of interest. We developed a high resolution PET insert module to evaluate the added benefit of such a combination. The insert module consists of two back-to-back 1 mm thick silicon sensors, each segmented into 1040 1 mm 2 pads arranged in a 40 by 26 array. A set of 16 VATAGP7.1 ASICs and a custom assembled data acquisition board were used to read out the signal from the insert module.Data were acquired in slice (2D) geometry with a Jaszczak phantom (rod diameters of 1.2-4.8 mm) filled with 18 F-FDG and the images were reconstructed with ML-EM method. Both data with full and limited angular coverage from the insert module were considered and three types of coincidence events were combined.The ratio of high-resolution data that substantially improves quality of the reconstructed image for the region near the surface of the insert module was estimated to be about 4%. Results from our previous studies suggest that such ratio could be achieved at a moderate technological expense by using an equivalent of two insert modules (an effective sensor thickness of 4 mm).

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“…The modules were characterized prior to tests in PET geometry [24]. In terms of timing, time-walk similar to TA branch shaping time of $ 150 ns was found to be the dominant contribution.…”

Section: Pet Insert Modulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A possible solution to maintain the ratio of pixel volume per electronic channel would be to vertically connect aligned pixels of a pair of flipped sensors with halved thickness. Previous studies have shown that by combining these two strategies, activities of $ 50-100 MBq within the FOV of the insert can be handled effectively [24,25].…”

Section: Bgo-bgo + Si-simentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a high resolution silicon PET insert module

Grkovski

Brzezinski²,

Cindro

et al. 2015

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The long right tile of the peak would be the timing uncertainty related to varying position of photon interaction. Further studies [4] have shown that the time-walk should be reduced by measuring the energy of the interaction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopy study of imaging devices based on silicon Pixel Array Detector coupled to VATAGP7 read-out chips

Linhart¹,

Burdette²,

Chessi³

et al. 2011

J. Inst.

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Spectroscopic and timing response studies have been conducted on a detector module consisting of a silicon Pixel Array Detector bonded on two VATAGP7 read-out chips manufactured by Gamma-Medica Ideas using laboratory gamma sources and the internal calibration facilities (the calibration system of the read-out chips). The performed tests have proven that the chips have (i) non-linear calibration curves which can be approximated by power functions, (ii) capability to measure the energy of photons with energy resolution better than 2 keV (exact range and resolution depend on experimental setup), (iii) the internal calibration facility which provides 6 out of 16 available internal calibration charges within our region of interest (spanning the Compton edge of 511 keV photons). The peaks induced by the internal calibration facility are suitable for a fit of the calibration curves. However, they are not suitable for measurements of equivalent noise charge because their full width at half maximum varies with their amplitude. These facts indicate that 1 Corresponding author. 2011 JINST 6 C01092 the VATAGP7 chips are useful and precise tools for a wide variety of spectroscopic devices. We have also explored time walk of the module and peaking time of the spectroscopy signals provided by the chips. We have observed that (iv) the time walk is caused partly by the peaking time of the signals provided by the fast shaper of the chips and partly by the timing uncertainty related to the varying position of the photon interaction, (v) the peaking time of the spectroscopy signals provided by the chips increases with increasing pulse height.

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“…The large range of pulse-heights associated with Compton interactions when combined with the leading-edge trigger and shaped signal (150 ns peaking time) leads to a large time-walk (up to 150 ns). Jitter results from electronic noise and from the fact that the shape of the detector signal used for timing can vary considerably depending on the random 3D interaction position of photons as well as the direction of the Compton recoil electron in the detector [9]. …”

Section: Demonstration Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon as an unconventional detector in positron emission tomography

Clinthorne

Brzezinski

Chesi

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a widely used technique in medical imaging and in studying small animal models of human disease. In the conventional approach, the 511 keV annihilation photons emitted from a patient or small animal are detected by a ring of scintillators such as LYSO read out by arrays of photodetectors. Although this has been a successful in achieving ~5mm FWHM spatial resolution in human studies and ~1mm resolution in dedicated small animal instruments, there is interest in significantly improving these figures. Silicon, although its stopping power is modest for 511 keV photons, offers a number of potential advantages over more conventional approaches. Foremost is its high spatial resolution in 3D: our past studies show that there is little diffculty in localizing 511 keV photon interactions to ~0.3mm. Since spatial resolution and reconstructed image noise trade off in a highly non-linear manner that depends on the PET instrument response, if high spatial resolution is the goal, silicon may outperform standard PET detectors even though it has lower sensitivity to 511 keV photons. To evaluate silicon in a variety of PET “magnifying glass” configurations, an instrument has been constructed that consists of an outer partial-ring of PET scintillation detectors into which various arrangements of silicon detectors can be inserted to emulate dual-ring or imaging probe geometries. Recent results have demonstrated 0.7 mm FWHM resolution using pad detectors having 16×32 arrays of 1.4mm square pads and setups have shown promising results in both small animal and PET imaging probe configurations. Although many challenges remain, silicon has potential to become the PET detector of choice when spatial resolution is the primary consideration.

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Timing performance of the silicon PET insert probe

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Evaluation of a high resolution silicon PET insert module

Evaluation of a high resolution silicon PET insert module

Spectroscopy study of imaging devices based on silicon Pixel Array Detector coupled to VATAGP7 read-out chips

Silicon as an unconventional detector in positron emission tomography

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